Wednesday, August 26, 2020

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No theme - Essay Example Reliability is another critical quality for a client assistance agent. On the off chance that the clients can't have confidence in what the agent is stating, they won't wish to execute with him. Along these lines, one must not make bogus or misrepresented cases, and should just guarantee what they can convey. A client assistance agent should consistently be gracious and persistent. They should shun getting fomented, regardless of whether the client is setting baseless expectations. They should listen to the client, and give close consideration to their necessities and needs. After their necessities are built up, the client support delegate should react obligingly and disclose to the client in detail, what he has asked about. Also, a client care delegate must have the option to take care of issues in a speedy and proficient way. They should be adaptable and pleasing to the customers’ needs. I have been working in the client support field for a long time at this point, which has blessed me with an outstanding understanding of how to manage clients. This involvement with the field will be an extraordinary bit of leeway for me while connecting with people. I am a persevering individual and will have no apprehensions about investing additional push to guarantee consumer loyalty.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Essay To completely clarify the main driver of Modern Nationalism, one must investigate what has happened in the French Revolution. In 1789, the French transformation was conceived. There were changes of intensity procurement in the crucial pieces of Europe. On the fourteenth of July 1789, Bastille was under attack and on October the King Louis XVI and Royal Family was deposed from Versailles and wound up to Paris. Lord Louis XVI was the ruler in those days so his destruction can be likened to an all out loss of request and authority. There were a few endeavors to get away from the ouster of King Louis XVI yet sadly it fizzled. With no reasonable control over the immense land, a get together was shaped to have a balanced and composed republic contained Austria, Holland, Prussia and Sardinia. At the point when the republic was framed, King Louis was executed for his oppression which have involved for the growing of the Revolutionary Tribunal. France didn't partake with this belief system in view of the opposition of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte gained control of the Consulate to multiply a uniform law, correspondence, property rights and annihilation of feudalism. Geologically, France is arranged between the two huge bunches of the liberal supporters. Essentially, the French Revolution was the conflict between the dissidents and the radicals. Leftists are those individuals who cling to an only society through the celestial law that is genetic through culture while radicals are the individuals who stick to line of reasoning that change and variety from the old framework must show for a superior society. From the conflicts of the two contradicting philosophies of the French Revolution, another belief system was shaped which is the Modern Nationalism. Patriotism is a belief system which centers around the solidarity of the individuals from the country to have a solitary national character offered premise to ethnicity, birthplace and the social foundation of these countries (Miscevic, 2005). The quintessence of holding fast to the Nationalist Ideology is to set up a state. A state is political substance that is expected to have a high level of sway (Miscevic, 2005). The state has a high sway since it is expected that the force is unified with this element. The entirety of the individuals from the country must stand to the forced terms and conditions made by the state. The state can be polymorphous in way that it tends to be just and furthermore can be authoritarian. The two contradicting realms of Italy and Germany were joined together. In spite of their differentiating convictions, they figured out how to cure the circumstance and push through for the improvement of the country. In 1871, they were joined together however the occasions turned sour when the country required a sole head of the two states. It is expected and anticipated that there will be strife among Italy and Germany in light of their adherence to Liberalism and Nationalism, separately. Guissepe Mazzini was an extreme progressive mastermind that saw the Italy as a state under an umbrella of control by an outside power. He needed to liberate Italy from nationalistic belief system that it has clung to since he was a progressive. With his purposeful publicity crucial, was placed into bars in Italy. His progressive demonstration were incredibly discredited by the patriot see subsequently he didn't quit seeking after his exertion of moving Italy to a liberal state. Patriotism is a decent belief system however it has a few escape clauses like some other philosophies. Some of them are: it is excessively prescient and pompous, why, since it generally expects to join individuals that are totally unique in relation to each other. Social relativism can be an issue for patriotism. Second, the determination of express that will be the focal point of power, this is significant thus nobody could determine what potential characteristics should a decent state have and everything comes down to who has the more prominent methods for creation. In conclusion, it accept that the world has an amicable connection, yet truly, we are driven by struggle. References Cody, D. (2007). French Revolution. The Victorian Website. Hartwick College. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. victorianweb. organization/history/hist7. html Spitzer, A. (2005). Tocqueville’s Modern Nationalism. Oxford Journals. College of Iowa. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://fh. oxfordjournals. organization/cgi/content/conceptual/19/1/48 Chastain, J. (2004). Guissepe Mazzini. Reference book of 1848 Revolutions. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. ohiou. edu/~chastain/list. htm Chew, R. (1995). Napoleon I: Emperor of French. Lucidcafe Website. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. lucidcafe. com/lucidcafe. html Miscevic, N. (2005). Patriotism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://plato. stanford. edu/passages/patriotism/#1. 2

Thursday, August 13, 2020

Language (die Sprache)

Language (die Sprache) Language is a funny thing. Its so natural and as kids we pick it up quite readily from those around us. And now, while it is more difficult, you can still learn an entirely new way to think, to communicate, to ponder. Its quite incredible really. Coming from the US, I had it easy overall. Growing up I spoke English from birth, and the few foreign words I learned were more novelties than anything else. But now, here I am, experiencing what its like to live some place else, some place with a new language. Its difficult. Im envious of those who are fluent in both those who simply upon hearing my accent switch seamlessly into English. But also, those people are incredibly interesting in how they interact, particularly in the lab. Unsurprisingly, Germans speak to each other in German. But there are foreigners here too, a decent fraction. And our institute often works with foreign research institutes. Im reading a thesis of a friend; he could have written in English quite easily. It would have been deemed better, more advantageous for being recognized. But the decision to write in German wasnt based on what would be the easiest (German) or what others thought would be best for ones career. Instead, the decision was made from a sort of nostalgia writing in the language of his land, his people, writing in a language that he enjoyed but felt was slowly being squeezed out. Germany is no tiny country in science. German isnt a tiny dialect spoken by only 10 people. But still there is this nostalgia, a feeling that something would be lost if everyone just used 1 language, even just for scientific publications, even when a common language would be more efficient. Which brings up the question: what actually would be lost? Why might it be better to have this linguistic diversity? And to answer that, Ill expand the topic to cultural diversities, and some thoughts I have lingering from the spring. Watching Human Planet (similar to the Blue Planet except the main characters are humans instead of the oceans) my friend brought up a quote related to the series. It went along the lines of: the reason that its important that we recognize and celebrate these different peoples, these different lives, is because it reminds us that we are able to live a different way. That life is not constrained to the way it currently is in our neighborhood, in our culture, in our land. Its important to remember that there are other ways to live. Language is tied to that. Staying aware of linguistic diversity also means keeping in mind the totally different lifestyles which humans can and have held. Language affects the way we live, not by setting hard limitations (as suggested in 1984 but rather in guiding what we tend to think about most often. As an example, you probably dont pay as much attention to the differences between light + dark blue as the typical native Russian speaker, not because their eyes are better, but because they dont recognize the two as the same color. Through language you are trained to classify and give order to the world in different ways, and then your mind learns to subconsciously process its surroundings. (If youre interested, Through the Language Glass is quite good). So what does that mean? Does it mean that some languages naturally tend to help you think more scientifically. Probably not, at least to a significant degree. Sure, not having a counting scheme might make it difficult (the Pirah people being most popularized by the media). But I think overall, the message lies more in the decision to write in German in the first place. By choosing to write in German, a message was most certainly sent. This scientist found the linguistic diversity of the german-speaking world, and indirectly the cultural diversity of the entire world to be of greater value than scientific expediency. An intimate aspect of his thesis became, indirectly, that there is more to science than just utility. There is diversity, there is language, there is culture intricately interwoven. Eric Gentry Sophomore MIT-Germany Program Internship: University of Heidelberg This post was first published on Gedanken in Germany: http://gedankeningermany.blogspot.de/

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Cleverness of Marcus Brutus - 735 Words

Marcus Brutus was the most clever of all, even down to the detail of being a family man. Not many people know what it takes to be a good politic, family man, and friend. Not many people know how to pick out who are the good guys. It does not cross their mind that maybe they are just getting the but of the story. Or maybe they do, but how is Marcus Brutus portrayed to them? How do they see him? This is such a labeled universe. How hard is it to not put a label on someone or something? Yeah Brutus, the guy who rolled with the punches and got played, wasn’t really the one who got played. In fact, he was the one who was doing the playing. As clever and intriguing as this sounds it’s going to be hard to tell how it is so. But, the words might come clearer with the fact that this guy was a genius. Cassius was secretly being a jerk to Brutus. He was being this way to get Brutus to do things. So in the end Cassius was never really trying to befriend Brutus. Brutus was always a friendly kind of guy as long as you were not his enemy. Brutus places trust in the people around him. Brutus would not have put Cassius in his friend category for no reason. Sure, they were â€Å"good friends,† but sometimes the call of duty involves creating a close person in order to betray them in the end. Maybe Brutus knew that Cassius was going to use him. If Cassius didn’t use Brutus then the entire assassination might not have even taken place. And then again it could have been the other way around to

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

ESL Lesson Plan on Countable and Uncountable Nouns

The following lesson focuses on helping intermediate to upper-intermediate students solidify their knowledge of countable and uncountable nouns and their quantifiers. It also includes a number of overlooked or idiomatic expressions to help higher level students expand their knowledge of various quantifying terms used by mother tongue speakers. Noun Quantifiers Lesson   Aim: Review and solidification of countable and uncountable noun and noun quantifiers Activity: Review discussion followed by multiple choice dialogue fill-in exercise Level: Intermediate to upper-intermediate Outline: Begin review by asking students to identify the worksheet list of objects as countable or uncountable.Activate quantifier vocabulary by asking which quantifiers can be used to modify countable and uncountable nouns. At this point, it is a good idea to write the two categories on the board for students to copy.Discuss some of the more problematic quantifiers such as the difference between a few and few, a little and little. Discuss which quantifiers can be used in the question, positive and negative forms.Have students complete the multiple choice fill in dialogue in pairs or small groups.Correct worksheet as a class.As a follow-up activity asks students to write a description of their room at home listing the various items that can be found in that room. Ask students to not use exact numbers, rather to use quantifiers. Countable and Uncountable - Noun Quantifiers Identify the following objects as countable or uncountable information, rules, sheep, money, learning, rice, bottles of wine, equipment, traffic, stone, stones, talent, web sites, clothes, music, deserts, land, nations, peoples, fish, pollution, understanding, RAM, artworks, orders, food Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue CHRIS: Hi! What are you up to?PETE: Oh, Im just looking for ( A) many ( B) some ( C) any antiques at this sale.CHRIS: Have you found ( A) something ( B) anything ( C) nothing yet?PETE: Well, there seems to be ( A) a few ( B) few ( C) little things of interest. It really is a shame.CHRIS: I cant believe that. Im sure you can find ( A) a thing ( B) something ( C) anything interesting if you look in ( A) all ( B) each ( C) some stall.PETE: Youre probably right. Its just that there are ( A) a few ( B) a lot ( C) a lot of collectors and they ( A) every ( B) each ( C) all seem to be set on finding ( A) a thing ( B) anything ( C) much of value. Its so stressful competing with them!CHRIS: How ( A) many ( B) much ( C) few antique types of furniture do you think there is?PETE: Oh, Id say there must be ( A) many ( B) several ( C) much pieces. However, only ( A) a few ( B) few ( C) little are really worth ( A) the high ( B) a high ( C) high prices they are asking.CHRIS: Why dont you take a break ? Would you like to have ( A) any ( B) some ( C) little coffee?PETE: Sure, Id love to have ( A) any ( B) little ( C) one. I could use ( A) some ( B) a few ( C) a little minutes of downtime.CHRIS: Great, Lets go over there. There are ( A) a few ( B) some ( C) little seats left. Answer Key Identify the following objects as countable or uncountable information UNCOUNTABLE, rules COUNTABLE, sheep COUNTABLE, money UNCOUNTABLE, learning UNCOUNTABLE, rice UNCOUNTABLE, bottles of wine COUNTABLE, equipment UNCOUNTABLE, traffic UNCOUNTABLE, stone UNCOUNTABLE, stones COUNTABLE, talent UNCOUNTABLE,  web sites  COUNTABLE, clothes UNCOUNTABLE, music UNCOUNTABLE, deserts COUNTABLE, land UNCOUNTABLE, nations COUNTABLE, peoples COUNTABLE, fish COUNTABLE, pollution UNCOUNTABLE, understanding UNCOUNTABLE, RAM COUNTABLE,  artworks  COUNTABLE, orders COUNTABLE, food UNCOUNTABLE Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue CHRIS: Hi! What are you up to?PETE: Oh, Im just looking for  some  antiques at this sale.CHRIS: Have you found  anything  yet?PETE: Well, there  seems to be  few  things of interest. It really is a shame.CHRIS: I cant believe that. Im sure you can find  something  interesting if you look in  each  stall.PETE: Youre probably right. Its just that there are  a lot of  collectors and they  all  seem to be set on finding  anything  of value. Its so stressful competing with them!CHRIS: How  much  antique furniture do you think there is?PETE: Oh, Id say there must be  several  pieces. However, only  a few  are really worth  the high  prices they are asking.CHRIS: Why dont you take a break? Would you like to have  some  coffee?PETE: Sure, Id love to have  one. I could use  a few  minutes  of downtime.CHRIS: Great, Lets go over there. There are  a few little  seats left.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Effect of rice and rye straw Free Essays

string(90) " milliliter of trial solutions was transferred into five glass civilization tubings \( c\." Abstraction Purposes: To analyze the suppression of the growing of Microcystis aeruginosa by different-term infusions of rice straw ( 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss ) and rye straw ( 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of rice and rye straw or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods and Consequences: All infusions with high concentration indicated repressive consequence on the growing of M. aeruginosa, and the 0.2-day infusion from rice straw and the 40-day infusion from rye straw indicated the most effectual 1s with EC50 values of 28.0 milligrams C l-1 and 18.9 milligrams C l-1, severally. The extract concentration of rice straw had negative relationship with the maximal growing and growing rate regardless decay continuance, whereas rye straw showed the negative relationship between the extract concentration and the lone maximal growing of M. aeruginosa. Features of infusions through extremist violet optical density should be changed due to debasement of straws. Decisions: Rice and rye straw infusion showed the possibility to command the growing of M. aeruginosa, and nevertheless, might be considered as an facet of another unexpected potency pollutant. Significance and Impact of the Survey: To place most effectual agent against algal growing, extracts from long-run debasement of straws could give more opportunity and possibility to happen allelochemicals. Keywords: long-run infusion, allelopathy, suppression, rice straw, rye straw, SUVA, Microcystis aeruginosa Introduction Tellurian workss have been known to incorporate assorted allelochemicals with anti-algal belongingss ( Rice, 1984 ) . For illustration, barley straw studied comparatively more than other straws like rice and rye has been reported to demo an suppression consequence of algal growing ( Pillinger et al. , 1992 ; Newman and Barrett, 1993 ; Barrett, 1994 ; Everall and Lees, 1996 ; Barrett et al. , 1996 ; Everall and Lees, 1997 ; Cooper et al. , 1997 ) due to assorted compounds extracted from barley straw under many different conditions, for case, oxidized phenolic compounds from lignin beginnings ( Pillinger, 1993 ; Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , p-coumaric and ferulic from cell wall-bound constituents ( Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , and tannic acid ( Hussein, 1982 ) . Rice straw has besides been known to let go of allelochemicals with phenolic compound to restrict the sprouting, growing, photosynthesis, respiration and metamorphosis of other workss ( Rice 1984 ; Inderjit et Al. 1995 ; Chung et Al. 2001 ) . Park et Al ( 2006 ) showed interactive and repressive consequence of assorted phenolic compounds extracted from rice straw on the growing of Microcystis aeruginosa. These straw-derived compounds may dwell of legion complex chemicals with assorted features in an aqueous status. As straws would be applied into aquatic ecosystems to command detrimentally algal growing, straw-derived chemicals would be excreted continuously, accumulated or changed into H2O column and features of chemicals would be changed harmonizing to the debasement clip which might be linked with the lability of chemicals. However, there was small information on this relationship between allelochemical production and debasement clip about rice and rye straws. Therefore, our purposes were to analyze whether released chemical from rice and rye straws harmonizing to decomposition clip has different suppression consequence on the growing of cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, known as nuisance algae around the universe, and to foretell the alteration of features of extracted stuffs during decomposition clip. Materials and methods Collection of works stuffs Rye straw ( Secale cereale L. ) was collected in Keumsan, South Korea. Rice straw ( Oryza sativa L. ) which was non applied with pesticides to analyze insect pathology was obtained from Kangwon Province Agricultural Research and Extension Service, South Korea. All stuffs were instantly moved to research lab, rinsed several times with tap H2O, dried at 50? for 3 yearss and stored in a dark status at room temperature. Stored workss were cut, mortared, and sieved through 1-mm mesh before experiment. Preparation of short or long-run decomposed infusions Nine gms of each works stuff ( dry weight ) were placed in a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, incorporating 1.8 L of Moss medium. The composing of Moss medium was ( in milligram ) 16.8 Ca2+ , 5.0 – 10-4 Co2- , 3.0 EDTA, 2.0 – 10-2 Fe3+ , 2.2 K+ , 2.4 Mg2+ , 2.0 – 10-2 Mn2+ , 4.0 – 10-3 Mo6+ , 13.6 Na+ , 6.4 NH4+ , 21.0 NO3- , 0.9 P5+ , 3.3 S6+ , 4.9 Si4+ , 5.0 – 10-3 Zn2+ , 3.3 – 10-8 Cyanocobalamin ( B12 ) , 3.3 – 10-7 d-Biotin, 3.3 – 10-8 Thiamin-HCl ( B1 ) in 1 L of distilled H2O. To break up straws for a long clip, an aerator provided aerophilic status into the 2 L Erlenmeyer flask because maintaining aerophilic status was of import for the production of phytotoxic chemicals. For illustration, Welch et Al. ( 1990 ) indicated that microbic decomposition of barley straw was critical for the suppression of algal growing, and Newman and Barrett ( 1994 ) suggested that the chief demands for straw to be active are the care of aerophilic cond itions and an active and diverse microflora. Humidifier prior to the aerator was installed to forestall the loss of infusions and civilization medium from the vaporization by blow uping dry air. The infusions from rice straw were sampled after 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss from puting straws in the civilization medium and those of rye straw were obtained after 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss from presenting straws. Each subsampling, 200 milliliter of infusions were filtered through a glass fibre filter paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) , and so filtrate was lyophilized and stored in a icebox until Microcystis aeruginosa growing trial. Culture medium including infusions was made by fade outing 20 milligram of lyophilised stuff in 100 milliliter of sterilized Moss medium and filtered through a glass fibre filter paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) . Then, to quantitatively look into the suppression of M. aeruginosa growing by infusions, civilization medium including infusions was diluted with sterilized Moss medium to a scope of concentration of infusions ( test solution ) . Tested concentrations of infusions each decomposition period of straws were in Table 1. The concentrations of dissolved o rganic C ( DOC ) in infusions were determined utilizing the TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) . Each 10 milliliter of civilization medium was stored at 4? to mensurate UV 260nm optical density. Culture status and growing finding of M. aeruginosa Each 4 milliliter of trial solutions was transferred into five glass civilization tubings ( c. You read "Effect of rice and rye straw" in category "Essay examples"a. 11 milliliter, USA Scientific Culture Tube ) with a cap and so, autoclaved. After 1-day chilling, each 0.3 milliliter of M. aeruginosa ( obtained from Institute of Hydrobiology, China ) was inoculated into four tubings and cultured. Remained one civilization tubing was used to mensurate clean value of fluorescence or optical density to observe algal growing each infusion. M. aeruginosa in exponential or stationary growing phase was inoculated for the experiments. Culture tubings were incubated in 25 ±1? and illuminated by fluorescent visible radiations to give about 80? E m-2 s-1 for 24 h every twenty-four hours. Tubes were agitated with a whirl sociable twice a twenty-four hours. The places of experimental tubings in an brooder were randomized at least four times a hebdomad. In vivo fluorescence of M. aeruginosa was m easured with 1 or 2 yearss interval utilizing a spectrofluorophotometer ( RF-1501, Shimadzu ) at 343 nanometer of an excitement wavelength and 680 nanometer of an emanation wavelength. Absorbance ( 680 nm ) of algal cells to mensurate algal growing was determined with 1 or 2 yearss interval utilizing a spectrophotometer ( 101, Hitachi ) alternatively of fluorescence after 50-day infusion of rice straw and 100-day infusion of rye straw. Determination of M. aeruginosa growing and statistics techniques To cipher maximal growing ( K ) and growing rate ( u ) of M. aeruginosa, a logistic map was used to show a sigmoid curve for algal growing ( SigmaPlot 9.0, Jandel Scientific ) as follows: EC50 values ( concentration, when 50 % suppression consequence occurs ) were obtained from maximal growing values of each trial compared with control on log-probit graduated tables. A consecutive line linking the two closest values above and below the line matching to 50 % suppression was obtained ( Yamane et al. , 1984 ) . In instance of 50 and 100 yearss in rice straw and 0.2 twenty-four hours in rye straw, EC50 values were calculated by the extrapolation of two closest informations of less than 50 % suppression. To cipher â€Å" no-inhibition upper limit tested concentration † , referred as a maximal concentration shown no-inhibition out of tried concentrations, repeated measured analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) with station hoc of Dunnett trial was used ( p gt ; 0.05 ) to compare the distribution of optical density or fluorescence for observing M. aeruginosa growing between control without infusion and trial solutions. One-way ANOVA ( station hoc Duncan trial ) was utili zed ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) to compare normalized maximal growing or normalized growing rate among three groups of dissolved organic concentration ( DOC ) of infusions, and normalized maximal growing or normalized growing rate are calculated by divided maximal growing or growing rate in trial solution by in control, severally. Ratio of UV260 and DOC in infusions In order to foretell the alteration of features of infusions during decaying, the ratio of UV optical density at 260 nanometers and DOC concentration ( SUVA ; specific extremist violet optical density ) was measured. The UV optical density and DOC were measured by a spectrophotometer ( UV-2401PC, Shimadzu ) and TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) , severally. Consequences Consequence of infusions of rice and rye straws on M. aeruginosa growing harmonizing to decomposition continuance Effectss of infusions from rice and rye straws harmonizing to decay periods on M. aeruginosa growing were in Table 1. In rice straw, 0.2-day decay infusions showed the highest suppression consequence of the growing of M. aeruginosa among four different decomposition periods and the EC50 value was 28.0 mg C l-1. The infusion of 10-day decay was followed with EC50 value of 30.7 milligrams C l-1. In 50-day and 100-day of decomposition, repressive effects were much less than those in 0.2- and 10-day infusions, and stimulus effects were shown in the scope of less than 23 mg C l-1. Although each period has different concentration of infusions, when no-inhibition maximal concentration was considered in all decomposition periods, 0.2-day and 10-day decay with A ; lt ; 9 and A ; lt ; 2 milligram C l-1, severally, could bespeak higher inhibitory possible to command the growing of M. aeruginosa than 50-day and 100-day decay with 23 and 17 milligrams C l-1, severally. Likewise, growing per cen tum against control at maximal concentration each decay period showed similar form in malice of otherwise maximal concentrations. Overall, repressive ability was mostly increased in scope of more than approximately 30 milligrams C l-1 in all decay periods ( Figure 1 ) . In rye straw, suppression capableness from 0.2-day decay to 40-day decay increased harmonizing to decay clip through decreasing of EC50 values ( Table 1 ) . Although suppression ability was diminished from 50-day decay infusion, suppression of M. aeruginosa growing increased until 150-day decay. Infusions of 40- and 150-day decay of rye straw had the highest repression capableness with 18.9 and 19.7 milligrams C l-1 of EC50 value, severally. Stimulus or repressive effects on the growing of M. aeruginosa coexisted in similar concentration of infusions from different decomposition clip ( Figure 1 ) . This phenomenon might give equivocal information to construe the repressive consequence by infusions from assorted decay phases. However, it was clear to demo positive relationships between extract concentration and repressive consequence, and perchance to bespeak that different substances from straws might be produced harmonizing to decay periods. Consequence of extract concentrations on the maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa Percentage of maximal growing ( K ) and growing rate ( u ) of M. aeruginosa in each trial solution normalized by K and u in control was shown in Fig. 2, and three groups were differentiated by merely DOC concentration of infusions irrespective of decay periods ; low ( 2-10 milligram C l-1 ) , medium ( 11-30 milligram C l-1 ) , and high ( gt ; 30 milligram C l-1 ) DOC. In rice straw, means (  ± SE ) of normalized K and U of M. aeruginosa were 102.5 (  ± 4.9 ) and 96.9 (  ± 2.9 ) in low DOC and 95.0 (  ± 11.1 ) and 102.1 (  ± 5.1 ) in medium DOC, severally, and there was no important difference in K ( p=0.655 ) and u ( p=0.710 ) between low and medium DOC ( one-way ANOVA, n=13 ) . However, agencies (  ± SE ) of normalized K and U in high DOC were 20.4 (  ± 18.5 ) and 43.4 (  ± 21.9 ) , severally, and infusions in high DOC might incorporate strong suppression ability against both maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa. In rye straw, there was important difference in K among three degrees ( one-way ANOVA, F2,25=22.386, P A ; lt ; 0.001, station hoc Duncan, n=26, P A ; lt ; 0.005 ) , but no important difference in U among three degrees ( one-way ANOVA, F2,25=0.664, p=0.524 ) . This rye infusion showed repressive consequence on maximal growing but non on growing rate. Means (  ± SE ) of normalized K and u were 106.3 (  ± 6.8 ) and 101.4 (  ± 5.5 ) in low DOC, 67.3 (  ± 8.8 ) and 111.5 (  ± 7.9 ) in medium DOC, and 33.9 (  ± 8.5 ) and 89.9 (  ± 20.6 ) in high DOC, severally. Change of features of infusions harmonizing to decomposition clip SUVA values versus decay periods each infusion were shown in Fig. 3. Those SUVA values were increased harmonizing to decay periods in both straws. It might propose that features of infusion were altering during decomposition of straws, and both infusion could hold different stuffs. Slopes between decay clip and SUVA in rice and rye straw were 0.017 ( R2=0.63, P gt ; 0.05 ) and 0.019 ( R2=0.93, P A ; lt ; 0.01 ) , severally. Discussion This probe of time-course decomposition in rice and rye straws demonstrated that suppression capacity of infusions on the growing of M. aeruginosa increased with high concentration, whereas low concentration showed no-effect or stimulation for its growing in all decay periods. In rye straw, all infusions after 5-day decay showed higher suppression ( lower EC50 values ) than 0.2-day decay ( Table 1, Fig. 1 ) . Particularly, infusion of 150-day decay along with 40-day had maximal suppressive consequence, and this consequence was similar to the survey of Gibson et Al. ( 1990 ) utilizing barley straw, which indicated that the repressive consequence was produced increasingly during the decomposition of the barley straw and reached a maximal after six months. However, the survey utilizing rice straw showed different forms, where the leachates of short-run decay were more effectual than that of long-run decay although limited factors for comparative experiment between rye and rice straw wer e existed such as deficit of decay continuance and narrow concentration scope of rice straw. The growing of M. aeruginosa in a bioassay experiment would be inhibited due to the chelation of food by the leachates or straw-secreted antialgal bioactive compounds. The former ground might be ruled out, because there were ample foods and hint elements for the growing of M. aeruginosa in the civilization medium and the stimulation of algal growing in lower concentrations of leachates could non be explained by chelation mechanism. Similarly, one of indispensable growing factors, such as vitamin B12, would be more likely to be produced by straw microflora so removed from solution ( Welch et al. , 1990 ) . For the latter ground, several surveies demonstrated that algal growing inhibited by straw-secreted antialgal substances was associated with the straw decomposition ( Gibson et al. , 1990 ; Pillinger et al. , 1994 ; Ridge and Pillinger, 1996 ) . Ridge and Barrett ( 1992 ) showed that the st raw was active even at low concentrations against a scope of algae in natural Waterss including unicellular and filiform green algae and blue-green algae. The difference of lignin content between rye and rice straws could be contributed into different forms of algal suppression when considered that lignin content of rye straw was much more treble than that of rice straw ( lignin content: 21 % in rye straw from Kocheva et al. , 2008 and 7 % in rice straw from Sun et al. , 2000 ) , although we did n’t analyse lignin contents of our tried straws. Pillinger et Al. ( 1995 ) showed that lignin-enriched brown-rotted wood is repressive to both Chlorella and Microcystis to a greater extent than lignin-depleted white-rotted wood. As decomposition status in this survey, oxidization of straw may ease lignin solubilization and/or enhance toxicity of the solubilized materal ( Pillinger et al. , 1994 ) . Besides, lignin appears to be the most promising beginning of compounds like the methox yphenols ( Ridge et al. , 1995 ) . Methoxyphenols every bit good as quinones, used theoretical accounts for oxidised phenolic compounds, have shown antialgal activity against Microcystis ( Pillinger et al. , 1994 ) . Other phytotoxic compounds such as ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were found both in cold-water infusions of the straw of barley, rye, wheat, and in alcoholic infusions of their roots ( Borner, 1960 ) , and in rice straw ( Rice 1984 ; Inderjit et Al. 1995 ; Chung et Al. 2001 ) . The ground demoing otherwise repressive activity during straw debasement would probably be due to the continuum of production, the accretion of stubborn fraction and the chemical transmutation from assorted allelochemicals. As an application of an algae-growth inhibitor, adopted straws would undergo aging, decease, and decomposition in aquatic ecosystem. Under these conditions, plant-induced allelochemicals may be excreted or degraded continuously, be piled up into H2O columns, and besides contribute to the pool of organic affair in the aquatic ecosystem. These plant-derived allelochemicals contribute the formation of humic substances. SUVA can give information about the extent of aromacity of DOM related with humification. Increase of inclines between SUVA and decay periods in tried straws might ensue from the formation of stuffs such as humic substances harmonizing to decay periods and the gradual increasing of fractious fraction instead than labile one ( Fig. 2 ) . Chemical constr uction of straw infusions can be changed during biological and chemical decomposition, i.e. , labile fractions might be much more easy degraded than stubborn 1s ( Fig. 2 ) . For illustration, SUVA, an index of aromatic C content, has been shown to be negatively correlated with biodegradable DOC ( Kalbitz et al. , 2003 ) . However, qualitative designation and each specific consequence on the algal growing from decayed infusions remain to be studied. Although specific chemicals may be needed to be identified for the ecologically and environmentally safe options of Restoration, interactive consequence by combination of several chemicals might be considered ( Park et al. , 2006 ) . Short-run extraction from straws might lose out the opportunity to happen much better option, since this survey showed that infusions were chemically changed due to debasement and changed infusions showed different ability to suppress both maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa. Conversely, the sig nificantly algicidal chemical might be missed from infusions of low concentration demoing stimulus consequence on M. aeruginosa growing in this survey. Particularly, notable would be the observation to demo the different form about the suppression of maximal growing and growing rate between rice and rye straw infusions ( Fig. 2 ) , and nevertheless, these physiological features might be remained to be elucidated. Although all tested workss showed the suppression of algal growing in this survey, before works leachates incorporating allelochemicals are applied to command algal growing, the addition of the organic affair by leachates in the lakes or reservoirs demands to be considered. The importance of the control of organic affair is beyond difference in the H2O quality direction and research lab consequences should be extrapolated to the field with cautiousness. Decision All extracts with high concentration expressed by DOC showed repressive consequence on the growing of M. aeruginosa, and the 40-day infusion from rye straw indicated most effectual 1 with the lowest EC50 value of 18.9 mgC l-1. It was found that the extract concentration of rice straw had negative relationship with the maximal growing and growing rate, whereas rye straw showed negative relationship between the extract concentration and the lone maximal growing of M. aeruginosa. Through UV optical density, features of infusions should be changed due to debasement of straws, and this alteration might be linked with their repressive ability on the growing of M. aeruginosa. However, increasing DOC as unexpected pollutants every bit good as extrapolation of research lab plants into field status should be considered anterior to using infusions from straws as an option for Restoration technique. Mentions Barrett, P.R.F. , 1994. Field and laboratory experiments on the effects of barley straw on algae. 1994 BCPC monograph No.59: comparison greenhouse A ; field pesticide public presentation II pp.191-200. Barrett, P.R.F. , Curnow, J.C. , Littlejohn, J.W. , 1996. The control of diatom and cyanophyte blooms in reservoirs utilizing barley straw. Hydrobiologia 340, 307-311. Borner, H. , 1960. Liberation of organic substances from higher workss and their function in the dirt illness job. Bot. Rev. 26, 393-424. Chesson, A. , Stewart, C.S. , Wallace, R.J. , 1982. Influence of works phenolic acids on growing and cellulolytic activity of first stomachs bacteriums. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 597-603. Chung, I.M. , Ahn, J.K. and Yun, S.J. ( 2001 ) Appraisal of allelopathic potency of barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) on rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) cultivars. Crop Prot 20, 921-928. Cooper, J.A, Pillinger, J.M. , Ridge, I. , 1997. Barley straw inhibits growing of some aquatic saprolegniaceous Fungis. Aquaculture 156, 157-163. Everall, N.C. , Lees, D.R. , 1996. The usage of barley-straw to command general and bluish green algal growing in a Derbyshire reservoir. Wat. Res. 30, 269-276. Everall, N.C. , Lees, D.R. , 1997. The designation and significance of chemicals released from break uping barley straw during reservoir algal control. Wat. Res. 31, 614-620. Gibson, M.T. , Welch, I.M. , Barrett, P.R.F. , Ridge, I. , 1990. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing II: research lab surveies. Journal of Applied Phycology 2, 241-248. Hussein, A.S.M. , 1982. Algicidal belongingss of Acacia nilotica. Fitoterapia 53, 175-177. Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and F.A. Einhellig ( explosive detection systems ) , 1995. Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications. ACS Symposium Series 582. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. Kalbitz K, Schmerwitz J, Schwesig D, Matzner E ( 2003a ) . Biodegradation of soil-derived dissolved organic affair as related to its belongingss. Geoderma 113:273-291 L.S. Kocheva, A.P. Karmanov, M.V. Mironov, V.A. Belyi, V.Yu. Belyaev, Yu.B. Monakov, 2008. Straw Lignins: Hydrodynamic and Conformational Properties of the Macromolecules. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 81 ( 11 ) : 2033-2039. Newman, J.R. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1993. Control of Microcystis aeruginosa by break uping barley straw. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 31, 203-206. Park, M.H. , Han, M.S. , Ahn, C.Y. , Kim H.S. , Yoon, B.D. and Oh, H.M. 2006. Growth suppression of bloom – forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa by rice straw infusion, Letters in Applied Microbiology 43: 307-312. Pillinger, J.M. , Gilmour, I. , Ridge, I. , 1995. Comparison of anti-algal activity of brown-rotted and white-rotted wood and in situ analysis of lignin. J. Chem. Ecol. 24, 1113-1120. Pillinger, J.M, Cooper, J.A. , Ridge, I. , 1994. Role of phenolic compounds in the antialgal activity of barley straw. J. Chem. Ecol. 20, 1557-1569. Pillinger, J.M. , 1993. Algal control by barley straw. Ph D Thesis, Department of Biology, The Open University, Milton Heynes. U.K. cited in ‘The control of diatom and cyanophyte blooms in reservoirs utilizing barley straw. Barrett, P.R.F. , Curnow, J.C. , Littlejohn, J.W. , 1996. Hydrobiologia 340, 307-311. ‘ Pillinger, J.M. , Cooper, J.A. , Ridge, I. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1992. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing III: the function of fungous decomposition. Journal of Applied Phycology 4, 353-355. Rice, E.L. , 1984. Allelopathy. Academic Press, London. p. 422. Ridge, I. , Pillinger, J.M. , 1996. Towards understanding the nature of algal inhibitors from barley straw. Hydrobiologia 340, 301-305. Ridge, I. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1992. Algal control with barley straw. Aspects of Applied Biology 29, 457-462. Ridge, I. , J. Pillinger, and J. Walters, 1995. Relieving the jobs of inordinate algal growing. In The Ecological Basis for River Management. Wiley, Chichester. cited in ‘The designation and significance of chemicals released from break uping barley straw during reservoir algal control. Everall, N.C. and D.R. Lees, 1997. Wat. Res. 31 ( 3 ) :614-620. ‘ Sun, R. , J. Tomkinson, F.C. Mao and X.F. Sun, 2000. Physicochemical word picture of lignins from rice straw by H peroxide intervention. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 79 ( 4 ) : 710-732. Thurman, E.M. , 1985. Organic geochemistry of natural Waterss. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. p. 51. Welch, I.M. , P.R.F. Barrett, M.T. Gibson and I. Ridge, 1990. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing I: surveies in the Chesterfield Canal. Journal of Applied Phycology 2: 231-239. Yamane, A.N. , M. Okada and R. Sudo, 1984. The growing suppression of planktonic algae due to wetting agents used in rinsing agents. Wat. Res. 18 ( 9 ) :1101-1105. How to cite Effect of rice and rye straw, Essay examples

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography

Question: Discuss about the Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography. Answer: Introduction: As a second year student of radiography, I got placement in a radiography hospital. The hospital provides the service of general x ray. The building has two main entrances and an emergency entrance. As a new radiographer, I had to work under my mentor or senior supervisor. She guided me to handle difficult situation and taught me new techniques of radiography. My ward was at the second floor opposite to the lift. I was very excited and nervous to get the chance of working in that department and hospital. As a radiographer, I had the permission to use three computers for PACS, exposure and RIS. As I was new, the environment was very challenging for me and also very interesting. I did not know the rule and regulation of the department and hospital. As a result, I had to depend on my superiors. However, she made me understand the rules and regulations and also advised to carry a notebook to note down important points. She told me that I have to handle various kinds of patient and I shou ld be careful in my working. Professional and ethical conduct During working in that hospital, I had to work under my supervisor radiographer, caring for a seven year old vulnerable girl child. The child came with the fracture on the left leg. I started to pull down blind to check the problem with the consent of family members. The girl became angry and started to shout. I felt that I should ask her family member to pull down. However, the PACS image, I took was clear with the supervision of my superior as did not take such image earlier. I learnt about the ethical a professional conducts of radiography. My seniors suggest me to read books of ethical consideration of radiography. I came to know that in case of patient handling like vulnerable people; I should maintain the eye contact and behave more politely. I hope that in future, I will not be nervous and behave more professionally to handle such situation. Communication and collaboration I got a female aboriginal patient of 58 years with hypertension and chronic breathing problem. I decided to perform PA chest test and heart X-ray to check the position of heart. As she was aboriginal and I have English accent, there was a communication gap. I could not understand her words and she was also facing problems to communicate. I became nervous and asked the advice of the supervisor. She suggested me to hire an interpreter or use non verbal way of communication. I got my confidence back and chose to use non verbal way to communicate. Later, I noticed my seniors; how they handle such situation and noted down in my notebook. I learnt about different kinds of communication skills and will try to implement them in future work. I acted professionally with the patient with the help of my mentor. I started to use simple words instead of using jargons like to touch the board with their shoulder side and moving both foot pointing the toes towards me. I noted the simple phrases and k ept practicing to improve myself. Evidence based practice and professional learning I examined and reviewed fracture on right leg of a 60 years old man. As he was very aged so I acted very politely and checked him very carefully. I asked my superior to guide me but she has urgent patients so she just demonstrated me the procedure of taking PACS image. I was nervous as I did not know the procedure. The image was optimal. However, I asked patient to show me the pain area to understand the type of pain. I asked my supervisor to show me some PACS images but as she was in hurry, she could not. She suggested me to show those images later. I got the chance to check the PACS images and report soon clear my idea. However, I was quite happy as I learnt to take PACS images and handled an old aged patient very carefully without any complication. Radiation safety and risk management A 16 years old boy came with left ankle fracture to me and I checked up the legs very carefully before applying radiation. I applied the techniques of angling toes medially so that fifth toes can be perpendicular to middle of calcaneus. However, the image I got, was not very clear, it was optimal. To get a clear image, I had to apply more radiation to the patient that was unprofessional. I asked my supervisor about the precautions of lead effects and other factors of radiation. She advised me about the techniques of radiography and asked me to note all the important points.I tried to get attachment with other radiographers and note down the new techniques to develop my own techniques. My supervisor advised me to examine the patient very carefully at first before applying the harmful radiography. It may harm the young patient. Practice in Medical radiation science A 3 month lactating mother of 29 years old came with vertebral pain. The clinical report showed that she has doubt of spondylitis. For the first time, I got a patient with lactation so I decided to consult the supervisor. However, I knew about lead protection and appropriate collimation though I had doubt about the performance of the radiographer and justified risk vs. benefits with the application of ALARA principle. I carefully used lead gown and portable lead strand for extra protection. By fault I repeated the process which was wrong. The image quality was optimal. I decided to prepare checklist note in future about the beneficence vs. risk factors with the protocol, proper collimation, portable lead stand, lead gown, exposure screen check and examination properly. I learnt the technique and will be careful in future and noted the important points in my notebook. The positive side of the experience was that my communication skills developed. I explained the patient about the x-ra y procedure of figure rather than unnecessary extra doses.

Thursday, March 26, 2020

The Flowers of Ophelia free essay sample

William Shakespeare uses different types of imagery to symbolize major themes and characters in his plays. Garden and flower imagery is a major theme in one of his most famous plays, â€Å"Hamlet†. Gardens are used to describe the atmosphere, while flowers help us understand the characters, especially Ophelia. Flowers play such a large role in this play and without this imagery we may not have been able to understand some major points discussed. When most people hear the word â€Å"garden†, they think fields of green surrounded by beautiful flowers where you can sit and enjoy a Sunday afternoon picnic. As described in â€Å"Hamlet†, garden has a much different meaning. â€Å" ‘Tis an unweeded garden, / That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature / Possess it merely. † (1. 2. 135-37) This quote said by Hamlet in his first soliloquy is explaining how he feels about his surroundings. As Hamlet is upset and angered over his fathers death and his mother remarriage, he feels that the world and people around him are an unweeded garden. We will write a custom essay sample on The Flowers of Ophelia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, Hamlet feels that he is surrounded by living things that are not being tended to. Floral imagery comes into the play when Laertes lectures Ophelia on the relationship between her and Hamlet. He compares Hamlet’s love for her as â€Å"A violet in the youth of primy nature. † (1. 3. 7) By stating this, Laertes is explaining to Ophelia that their love is not permanent, but like a violet; a flower that dies as quickly as it blooms. The symbolism of flowers and gardens are used to show the different characteristics of Ophelia. A large aspect is how her brother, Laertes is constantly trying to give her advice. I shall the effect of this good lesson keep, As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother, Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven 1. 3. 45-8) Ophelia appreciates that Laertes is continuously giving her advice, but feels that he should step back and concentrate on taking his own. She uses garden imagery by saying it is a thorny path to heaven, meaning it is not as easy as it seems. The imagery and symbolism continues as Ophelia is scolded by her father, Polonius. Polonius tells Ophelia that she speaks like a  "green girl†. This is explaining that she talks as a flower who has not bloomed yet; unknown to the world around her. After the accidental death of Ophelia’s father, Polonius, Ophelia turns mad. Ophelia enters the castle with her whole figure and hair entwined with flowers. She begins to show her insanity by sitting upon the floor and playing with the flowers in a childish way as she sings. Another floral symbol is shown in Ophelia’s song, â€Å"Larded with sweet flowers; / Which bewept to the grave did go / With true-love showers. † (4. 5. 37-9) She is singing of her fathers burial who would be covered in flowers while put into the grave. With loosing her mind, Ophelia hands out flowers to all those around her. She speaks directly of the symbolic meaning of those flowers, which is important of who she is giving each flower to. There’s rosemary, thats for remembrance, pray, love, remember: and there is pansies, that’s for thoughts. † (4. 5. 173-5) It can be thought that Ophelia would be handing rosemary to Hamlet, in which she does not want him to forget about her. In feeling her disappointment that Hamlet is not present, the pansy would symbolize her thoughts of him there. There’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o’ Sundays: O, you must wear your rue with a difference. There’s a daisy: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died: hey say he made a good end, (4. 5. 78-83) Ophelia continues to pass out flowers as stated in the quote above. Fennel is a symbol of flattery as columbines are a symbol of infidelity. As passing these flowers to the King, it would’ve been considered an insult in Elizabethan times. It was brave of Ophelia to at first flatte r the King and then accuse him of adultery, especially because he has the power to take her life. Rue is a symbol of regret. This herb was given to the Queen would symbolize her bitterness and could’ve been thought to be a symbol of her regretting the marriage of Claudius. As for the daisy which was not given to anyone, can show the loss of innocence at this point in the play. The violet shows Ophelia’s faithfulness to her father. The reappearance of the violet is interesting in that it is the first flower Ophelia is compared to and the last flower she speaks of. Flower imagery continues to coincide with Ophelia up to her death. As Queen Gertrude describes Ophelia’s last moments, Ophelia is described as a flower herself. There is a willow grows aslant a brook, That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream; There, with fantastic garlands did she come Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, But our cold maids do dead-men’s-fingers call them; There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds Clambering to hand, an envious sliver broke; When down the weedy trophies and herself Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, And mermaid-like a while they bore her up: Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes, As one incapable of her own distress, Or like a creature native and indued Unto that element: but long it could not be, Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, Pull’d the poor wretch from her melodious lay To muddy death. (4. 7. 168-84) The Queen’s speech is describing how Ophelia went to the brook with garlands of flowers intending to hang them on the boughs of a far out tree. As Ophelia was climbing, a branch broke beneath her causing her to tumble into the brook. At first, her clothes kept her afloat. â€Å"As one incapable of her own distress† (4. 7. 180) Ophelia was unable to get herself out of the brook, therefore, she downed. The willow leaves mentioned by the queen can symbolize mourning. Ophelia’s sudden death is mourned by all who are present at her burial. The â€Å"long purples† that Gertrude compares to â€Å"dead-men’s-fingers† refer to the plant we know as the purple orchid. This metaphor can be used to described the lifeless hands of Ophelia reaching up, trying to save herself from the brook. Further more, the excessive amount of flowers present, each with their own symbolic meaning, can be describing the many emotions that Ophelia was experiencing throughout the play, up to her death. It can easily be said that Shakespeare could’ve described Ophelia’s emotional state in a number of words. The Flowers of Ophelia free essay sample As described in â€Å"Hamlet†, garden has a much different meaning. â€Å" ‘Tis an unweeded garden, / That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature / Possess it merely. † (1. 2. 135-37) This quote said by Hamlet in his first soliloquy is explaining how he feels about his surroundings. As Hamlet is upset and angered over his fathers death and his mother remarriage, he feels that the world and people around him are an unweeded garden. In other words, Hamlet feels that he is surrounded by living things that are not being tended to. Floral imagery comes into the play when Laertes lectures Ophelia on the relationship between her and Hamlet. He compares Hamlet’s love for her as â€Å"A violet in the youth of primy nature. † (1. 3. 7) By stating this, Laertes is explaining to Ophelia that their love is not permanent, but like a violet; a flower that dies as quickly as it blooms. The symbolism of flowers and gardens are used to show the different characteristics of Ophelia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Flowers of Ophelia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A large aspect is how her brother, Laertes is constantly trying to give her advice. I shall the effect of this good lesson keep, As watchman to my heart. But, good my brother, Do not, as some ungracious pastors do, Show me the steep and thorny way to heaven 1. 3. 45-8) Ophelia appreciates that Laertes is continuously giving her advice, but feels that he should step back and concentrate on taking his own. She uses garden imagery by saying it is a thorny path to heaven, meaning it is not as easy as it seems. The imagery and symbolism continues as Ophelia is scolded by her father, Polonius. Polonius tells Ophelia that she speaks like a â€Å"green girl†. This is explaining that she talks as a flower who has not bloomed yet; unknown to the world around her. After the accidental death of Ophelia’s father, Polonius, Ophelia turns mad. Ophelia enters the castle with her whole figure and hair entwined with flowers. She begins to show her insanity by sitting upon the floor and playing with the flowers in a childish way as she sings. Another floral symbol is shown in Ophelia’s song, â€Å"Larded with sweet flowers; / Which bewept to the grave did go / With true-love showers. † (4. 5. 37-9) She is singing of her fathers burial who would be covered in flowers while put into the grave. With loosing her mind, Ophelia hands out flowers to all those around her. She speaks directly of the symbolic meaning of those flowers, which is important of who she is giving each flower to. There’s rosemary, thats for remembrance, pray, love, remember: and there is pansies, that’s for thoughts. † (4. 5. 173-5) It can be thought that Ophelia would be handing rosemary to Hamlet, in which she does not want him to forget about her. In feeling her disappointment that Hamlet is not present, the pansy would symbolize her thoughts of him there. There’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o’ Sundays: O, you must wear your rue with a difference. There’s a daisy: I would give you some violets, but they withered all when my father died: hey say he made a good end, (4. 5. 78-83) Ophelia continues to pass out flowers as stated in the quote above. Fennel is a symbol of flattery as columbines are a symbol of infidelity. As passing these flowers to the King, it would’ve been considered an insult in Elizabethan times. It was brave of Ophelia to at first flatter the King and then accuse him of adultery, especially because he has the power to take her life. Rue is a symbol of regret. This herb was giv en to the Queen would symbolize her bitterness and could’ve been thought to be a symbol of her regretting the marriage of Claudius. As for the daisy which was not given to anyone, can show the loss of innocence at this point in the play. The violet shows Ophelia’s faithfulness to her father. The reappearance of the violet is interesting in that it is the first flower Ophelia is compared to and the last flower she speaks of. Flower imagery continues to coincide with Ophelia up to her death. As Queen Gertrude describes Ophelia’s last moments, Ophelia is described as a flower herself. There is a willow grows aslant a brook, That shows his hoar leaves in the glassy stream; There, with fantastic garlands did she come Of crow-flowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples, That liberal shepherds give a grosser name, But our cold maids do dead-men’s-fingers call them; There, on the pendent boughs her coronet weeds Clambering to hand, an envious sliver broke; When down the weedy trophies and herself Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide, And mermaid-like a while they bore her up: Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes, As one incapable of her own distress, Or like a creature native and indued Unto that element: but long it could not be, Till that her garments, heavy with their drink, Pull’d the poor wretch from her melodious lay To muddy death. (4. 7. 168-84) The Queen’s speech is describing how Ophelia went to the brook with garlands of flowers intending to hang them on the boughs of a far out tree. As Ophelia was climbing, a branch broke beneath her causing her to tumble into the brook. At first, her clothes kept her afloat. â€Å"As one incapable of her own distress† (4. 7. 180) Ophelia was unable to get herself out of the brook, therefore, she downed. The willow leaves mentioned by the queen can symbolize mourning. Ophelia’s sudden death is mourned by all who are present at her burial. The â€Å"long purples† that Gertrude compares to â€Å"dead-men’s-fingers† refer to the plant we know as the purple orchid. This metaphor can be used to described the lifeless hands of Ophelia reaching up, trying to save herself from the brook. Further more, the excessive amount of flowers present, each with their own symbolic meaning, can be describing the many emotions that Ophelia was experiencing throughout the play, up to her death. It can easily be said that Shakespeare could’ve described Ophelia’s emotional state in a number of words.

Friday, March 6, 2020

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example To Kill a Mockingbird Paper To Kill a Mockingbird Paper She has accomplished this by incorporating various language techniques conveying the appropriate tone to the reader. These techniques are short sentences (creating suspense/drama), repetition ( for enforcement), direct speech in dialogue (gives reader a connection to story), distinctive vocabulary (to tell reader about the character and attitudes), contrast of dialogue (to show different attitudes in a tuition), descriptive language (appeals to emotions to present the feeling of the current atmosphere). In this passage, the ideas that she communicates to the reader are the transition of Gem from a boy to a man, the strength and influence of a childs pure innocence shown by Scout, and to reveal the essential goodness in a person that is shrouded by racism and prejudice. The overall scene was portrayed using very descriptive language and short sentences. There are various examples of descriptive language in this scene as it is incorporated through the entire scene. The Macomb Jail was the most venerable and hideous of the countys buildings and no strangers would ever suspect that It was full of naggers shows the views of society at the time suggests that naggers would live in a place that was even worse than the Jail even though the Macomb Jail was described as the most hideous part of the town. Starkly out of place In a town. The Macomb Jail was a miniature Gothic Joke one cell wide and two cells high , there was a smell of stale whisky and pig-pen Eye were sullen looking, sleepy-eye d men , Chunks of descriptive language are Integrated to describe the feeling of the scene and to give the feeling of the atmosphere which Is tense, dark and cold. Short sentences used as well, the dusty cars came In from the Meridian Highway. Nobody got out gives the reader a feeling of great suspense. In this scene, Harper Lee uses a cold though subtle tone. She expresses the Idea of a boy growing Into a man when Gem Is ordered to go home but refuses to. Instead of existing to his father Like a child does, Gem Insists to stay alongside Tactics not petulantly but with maturity. Harper Lee shows this translation using repetition and direct speech. Repetition Is used when Gem refuses to go home. Gem shook his head was used twice when Gem was told to go home and finally he said steadily, I into going. This repetition of refusing to go made the Idea apparent that Gem was aware of Tactics situation and Is afraid of his safety; which exhaled his maturity from Ewing a child. To Kill a Mockingbird By Jennet and hideous of the countys buildings and no strangers would ever suspect that it was described as the most hideous part of the town. Starkly out of place in a sleepy-eyed men , Chunks of descriptive language are integrated to describe the feeling of the scene and to give the feeling of the atmosphere which is tense, dark and cold. Short sentences used as well, the dusty cars came in from the Meridian In this scene, Harper Lee uses a cold though subtle tone. She expresses the idea of a boy growing into a man when Gem is ordered to go home but refuses to. Instead of listening to his father like a child does, Gem insists to stay alongside Tactics not petulantly but with maturity. Harper Lee shows this transition using repetition and direct speech. Repetition is used when Gem refuses to go home. Gem shook his head going. This repetition of refusing to go made the idea apparent that Gem was aware of Tactics situation and is afraid of his safety; which exhibited his maturity from

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study - Assignment Example This change is based on the processes of employee recruitment and selection, performance appraisals, and assessment of the organization performance. James made this decision after discovering that Quart Limited holds onto traditional practices, which seems to impede the organization from leveraging on the current benefits of globalization, innovation technology, and new management skills. The chief executive officer, among other senior staff members of Quart Limited has indicated a rejection of James proposed changes. This has caused labeling of James as a â€Å"dictator† and â€Å"freshman† into the organization. The chief executive officer also needs James to adhere to the existing organization culture and trends. On contrary, James has not given up on his change quest, and he has gone as far as formulating a change strategy, which need to be adopted in the organization. This includes the process of change adoption and implementation. The overwhelming quest for a change in the organization, by James, has resulted in attainment of conflict in the organization. This conflict results from a portion of senior, as well as junior management staff of the organization. The base of this conflict is on the change, which James is introducing into the organization, which seems to alter the traditional practices of the organization. Despite his efforts, James is blocked from introducing change; in the organization since a large portion of staff members have declined the change. Consequently, James has decided to engage all the stakeholders of Quart Limited into a forum, which will discuss the necessity of change in the organization and explore change implementation and adoption process. Further, James wants to invite a colleague-managing director from Starbucks Company to aid in facilitating the forum of change adoption in Quart Limited. It is James thought that these actions will contribute towards the end of the conflict Quart Limited had seen, as well as induce

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Seminar questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Seminar questions - Essay Example Further, the inability to continue with the new project of same franchise leads to deviation from the core, as a result a challenge in form of inability in practices. The level of understanding is another area that poses challenge in this regard. 4. The BCM policy is considered to be a vital part of the process, however much of the literature tends to discuss this in the context of larger organisations, how important do you think this would be for smaller organisations? BCM is equally important for the smaller organizations. In new trends the literature reviews need to be focused along the working of S.M.E as well. Also, BCM is an established key to success which is not limited to scale of organization, thereby it is needed to be in practise regardless of the size. The initiation and planning phases of a project are always important towards setting the foundations of organizational working. Effective BCM will translate into good results and good output by the end of the project and overall planning

Monday, January 27, 2020

Effect of Schemas on Our Understanding of the Social World

Effect of Schemas on Our Understanding of the Social World Victoria Lishman With reference to relevant research studies, evaluate the extent to which our understanding of our social world is constrained by our schemas. Every[p1] day people use their senses to gain a lot of information about the world they live in. To help filter the important information, (people) human beings have developed processes to help make sense of the world around them. One process that people use is schemas; these (are based on) can produces stereotypes but provide (and) predictability. Schemas relate to particular objects, roles, events or people, they are based on memory and knowledge. However there are times where schemas can be wrong for instance if people jump to conclusions based on a stereotype which turns out to be false. There has been a variety of different research studies into the topic of schemas, how they work, how they change as well as what happens when a stereotype turns out to be wrong. This assignment will examine some of the research studies and their value in evaluating how far schemas constrain how people understand the world. People gain too much information from the world around them to accurately (understand) process it, filtering needs to occur in order for people to clarify what is important. Heider suggested that for people to understand the world they use regularity, predictability and cause and effect (Buchanan, Anand, Joffe and Thomas, 2007). Schemas contain knowledge about particular objects, people and scripts, and the information is organised in memory. It is stored and accessed in a certain way and can be added to changed or used as people learn new or different information that will change the stereotype they have on a certain object (Buchanan, Anand, Jaffe and Thomas, 2007). There are many different types of schemas, they can be about people, social roles or events, they are all used as a way of filtering as people do not have the ability to take on all information (Buchanan, Anand, Joffe and Thomas, 2007). As schemas contain generalised knowledge about objects, they can be wrong and can aff ect how people see future situations related to the object. This shows that how people see the social world can be constrained by their schemas. Information some see as being unimportant may alter the view of a person that someone else may have a different opinion of. Schemas can affect how people see the world as what people perceive is shaped by their knowledge, expectations and assumptions about the way the world is (Buchanan, Anand, Joffe and Thomas, 2007), this means that schemas can often control how people see their social world. The research study which found that schemas exist suggests that peoples social world is controlled by schemas was the research by Bartlett, (1932), who found that when English people were asked to retell a Native American folk tale it became more English over time (Buchanan, Anand, Jaffe and Thomas, 2007). They added more English expectations to it, changing the story to make sense to them, making it easier to remember and retell. This research study could be made more valid if it was done in more cultures, for example if an Indian person was asked to retell an English story, as it would allow for more participants and allow for a more generalised conclusion. The experiment by Bartlett held a lot of value as it st arted other psychologists looking in to the subject of schemas and their influence on how people understand their world and how much control they have over how people understand their social world. The method of this experiment is impacted by memory as it is unknown over what length of time the retelling of the folk tale occurs, there could have been a controlled condition where the same people were asked to retell an English folk tale to see how much they change or remember of it. This suggests that the understanding of the social world is controlled by schemas[p2]. A different research study by Darley and Gross (1983), showed that when people were asked to give their view on a girl’s academic ability based on whether she came from a high socio-economic status or a low socio-economic one, they suggested she would have an average ability. However after watching a video of her doing an oral exam which showed her having an average academic ability, their view changed. The participants who had watched the introductory video of her from a high socio-economic background suggested she had a high academic ability. However the participants that had watched the low socio-economic background introduction video suggested she had a low academic ability. This shows that the participants’ stereotypes which they had after the introductory video seemed to be confirmed after the oral video. This research study suggests that rich children are judged to be more similar to each other than to those from a lower socio-economic background (Buchanan, Anand , Jaffe and Thomas, 2007). This research study showed that while people do not generally want to seem as stereotyping others, (stereotypical,) by not jumping to a conclusion after just watching either introductory video, they seemed to have already made up their mind before watching the second video. This shows that schemas are very powerful and can lead people to conclusions without gathering all the information. The[p3] method is (accurate) valid as it allows for both the high socio-economic status stereotype and the low socio-economic stereotype. This suggests that how people see and understand the social world is constrained by schemas as the roles people are given determine other generalisations. The research study that Ruscher et al (2000) did showed that when a person is dependent on another person as well as themselves, the impression of another person is likely to be less b(i)ased on schemas and involve more information which may contradict the expectations of the person which were first thought of. This suggests that when it matters people can be more open to going beyond their initial expectations (Buchanan, Anand, Jaffe and Thomas, 2007). This experiment also shows that schemas are more efficient as people avoid doing more work unless they have to. The method of the Ruscher et al (2000) experiment was valid as it used four different conditions and the conclusion was drawn up by looking at the average time it took participants to make a comment about the target person. The conclusion drawn from the experiment showed that motivational relevance does effect the importance, people place on schemas and shows that people can form impressions based on characteristics not belo nging in the original stereotype of a person, object or event (Buchanan, Anand, Jaffe and Thomas, 2007). This research study allows for the research into schemas to be extended, it suggests future research into what other reasons people might allow for not simply going with the stereotype, is there other reasons or different motivation apart from monetary gain? It would also be interesting to see if people would do this without any motivation at all. The research shows that in some cases the social world is not constrained by schemas, that people can look beyond stereotypes; however it also asks more questions in this area[p4]. This[p5] assignment has examined several different research studies that look at schemas and shown that although in some cases schemas do control how people understand the social world, there are experiments that have shown that people can go beyond the stereotype and look at people, objects or events in different ways. The Bartlett study showed that people use schemas to change a folktale to fit in with their culture, what they understand to be right, how people are supposed to behave. The Darley and Gross study showed that people interpret things in a way to support a stereotype which they already believe to be true. However, the Ruscher et al study has shown that people can change what they believe to be true, that they can add or take away characteristics of a person so that they no longer fit with a previous stereotype. These studies together have shown that while most understanding of the social world is controlled by schemas, it is possible for stereotypes to be changed. Howev er the Rusher et al study which showed this, used motivation for people to change their stereotypes and therefore it means that there could be more research done in this area. Word count: 1357 Bibliography Buchanan, K., Anand, P., Jaffe, H. and Thomas, K. (2007) Perceiving and understanding the social world in Miell, D. Pheonix, A. Thomas, K. (Eds.), Mapping psychology (2nd ed.). Milton Keynes: The Open University. [p1]A reasonable introduction which shows understanding of the issue, and tells the reader how you mean to tackle the question. [p2]Clear account of Bartlett’s work with some relevant commentary about the methodology. [p3]However, it could be said to lack ecological validity since the scenario is presented in a very different way to the real world. [p4]Clear, accurate and concise account of this study, its methodological benefits and implications in relation to the question. [p5]A clear and well- focused conclusion, which clearly summarises you points, in relation to the question,

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Comparing The Foresyte Saga Essay

Both extracts explore the theme of adultery and extreme examples of conflict in a relationship. However, the differing time periods in which they are set and the contrasting ways in which the authors portray them, vary accordingly. In both extracts it appears that the female protagonists seem to be the source of the problem within the relationship and the extracts centre on their supposed adulterous behaviour. The two extracts differ because in Shakespeare’s Othello, the audience know that Desdemona has in fact not cheated on her husband, but his possessive nature and mistrust of her has warped his judgement. In Galsworthy’s novel, it is clear that the character of Irene clearly has been unfaithful through the description of her body language and the dialogue used, â€Å"so you’ve come back. † The men in both extracts have the controlling factor within their relationships, and suffer from possessive love. In Othello, his desire to control Desdemona and to have her all to himself because she’s his wife, clouds his judgement on the situation; he’d rather her dead than for her to be with any other man and break another’s heart. In Galsworthy’s novel, the man is indeed slowly losing control, but still tries to grasp it. His wife had gone off and had an affair and he wasn’t able to control that. Now he tries to claw it back by shouting at her to leave, â€Å"get out of my sight†, and then contradicts himself by continuing to ask her to stay, which she obeys, and he is now in the stronger position. John Galsworthy uses animalistic imagery throughout this extract to show the way that Irene has become trapped: â€Å"resemblance to a captive owl. † This comparison also shows the way Irene has become vulnerable, having lost her independence and freedom. This mirrors the situation of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’. In this scene Desdemona is entirely helpless, Othello having already decided what must be done as an alpha male: â€Å"sweet soul, take heed of perjury: thou art on thy death bed. † Shakespeare’s choice of language, for example, his use of imperatives, â€Å"Down, strumpet! † makes it clear to the audience how much in control Othello is. This control is echoed in Soames, who speaks with great authority and power: â€Å"take your hated body†¦ out of my house†¦ Get out of my sight†. Soames commands his wife here in a way that suggests he views her as a possession, who should not disobey him, emphasised in Galsworthy’s use of the image of Irene â€Å"huddled in the fur†, as though she is a belonging. Again Shakespeare reflects this idea in Othello, with the handkerchief used as a dramatic device embodying Desdemona’s belonging to Othello, her supposed giving it away driving him to madness: â€Å"I saw my handkerchief in’s hand. Thou dost stone my heart. † Neither Soames nor Othello can see the fault in their own actions, demonstrated by Galsworthy through rhetorical questions: â€Å"Why should I suffer? What have I done? † Irene, however, is left in a helpless place, the animalistic imagery continuing, likening her to a trapped bird, her spirit crushed and giving up, â€Å"a bird shot and dying, taking farewell of all that is good – the sun and air and its mate. † This comparison also links back to Irene’s now dead lover Bosinney, her partner, without whom she feels she is unable to function. Shakespeare uses stichomythia to create a passionate atmosphere. Short dramatic lines such as ‘it is too late’, build tension in the audience. John Galsworthy also uses speech to create tension but does so via the exposure of Soames’ thoughts. ‘Take away that pitiful white face’. Soames’ outburst is made particularly striking in the way that Galsworthy withholds excessive speech up until this point. Unlike Shakespeare who employs continuous dialogue and only one stage direction in this extract, to create a sense of a never ending flow of emotion. The structure used in Othello is used in the build up of tension, for instance the stichomythia used towards the end of the extract. This technique is commonly utilised to dramatic effect in plays. The structure in Othello is generally used advance the narrative and to further increase the build up of tension towards the dramatic climax at the end of the play. In the Forsyte Saga the structure allows the author to progress and elaborate on the metaphors used. Galsworthy uses the structure to put emphasis on certain words or phrases: ‘so they sat, by the firelight, in the silence, one on each side of the hearth’. Typically of a novel the structure shows the progressive thoughts of the narrator and isn’t necessarily as linear as that in a play (ie Othello). Wider Reading: The poem My Last Duchess also carries the theme of adultery and extreme example of conflict in a relationship. Robert Browning doesn’t make it clear whether the woman is guilty, but the Duke, like Othello is guilty of jealousy. He doesn’t believe she treats her husband and different to any other men ‘all and each’, ‘she liked whate’er she looked on, and went everywhere’, suggesting she flirted alot, not that the Duke has any proof. The repetition of ‘that spot of joy’ emphasises how the fact her smile wasn’t just reserved for him bothered him, so much so that he used the harsh language like Ann Galsworthy’s choice of ‘Get out of my sight’ here, ‘that in you disgusts me; here you miss, or exceed the mark’, this shows his dark side and makes the reader question whether he killed her himself without knowing what she had done, similar to the way Othello acts on rage of his pride being damaged. The Duke also seems to be very possessive of the Duchess as is Othello and Soames Forsyte. Here he opens the poem ‘That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall’ immediately highlighting he owns the painting, but also implies he owns her in person. He also seems to like the fact he can control who looks at the painting, ‘the curtain I have drawn for you’, but couldn’t control who looked at his wife when she was alive. Additionally, in comparison to the imperatives Shakespeare and John Galsworthy use, Browning stresses the Duke’s power through his quite forceful request, ‘will’t please you sit and look at her’, almost as if the Duke is desperate for his audience to understand his anger, he states ‘I gave commands’, yet it seems she didn’t obey him, hence he killed her, ‘then all smiles stopped together’.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Acceptable Pins

Read the Case – Acceptance Sampling of Pins of Complete Business Statistics and answer the following questions. Also use the templates to verify the answer. Check and see the effect on acceptance of pins, when the mean and standard deviations are manipulated. Identify the most profitable situation based on cost of reengineering. 1. What is the probability that a batch will be acceptable to the consumer and if the probability is large enough to be an acceptable level of performance?If the population mean and standard deviation of the length of the pins are adjusted in order to improve the percentage accepted, which one do you think in practice is easier to adjust, the mean or the SD and why? 3. If the lathe can be adjusted to have the mean of the lengths to any desired value, what should it be adjusted to and why? 4. If the mean cannot be adjusted, but the SD can be reduced, what maximum value of the SD would make 90%, 95% and 99% of the parts acceptable to the consumer? (Assum e the mean to be 1. 008 inches).5. Considering the cost of resetting the machines (to adjust the population mean involving the engineer’s time, re-engineering process and cost of production time lost): 1. Assume it costs $150 x2 to decrease the SD by (x/1000) inch. Find the cost of reducing the SDs to the values found in question no. 4. 2. Assume that the mean has been adjusted to the best value at a cost of 80$, calculate the SD necessary to have 90%, 95% and 99% of the parts acceptable and their costs. 3. Based on the above, what is your recommended mean and SD? Verify your answers by using excel templates.Format your report consistent with APA guidelines. CASE Acceptance Sampling of Pins A company supplies pins in bulk to a customer. The company uses an automatic lathe to produce the pins. Factors such as vibrations, temperature, wear and tear affect the pins, so that the lengths of the pins made by the machine are normally distributed with a mean of 1. 008 inches and a st andard deviation of 0. 045 inch. The company supplies the pins in large batches to a customer.The customer will take a random sample of 50 pins from the batch and compute the sample mean. If the sample mean is within the interval 1.000 inch  ± 0. 010 inch, then the customer will buy the whole batch. To improve the probability of acceptance, the production manager and the engineers discuss adjusting the population mean and Standard deviation of the length of the pins. The production manager then considers the costs involved. The cost of resetting the machine to adjust the population mean involves the engineers’ time and the cost of production time lost. The cost of reducing the population standard deviation involves, in addition to these costs, the cost of overhauling the machine and reengineering the process.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The Iranian Revolution - 3901 Words

The Iranian Revolution Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran s present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years. Crane Brinton s book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, explains set of four steps a country experiences when a revolution occurs. Symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence are the steps that occur. The Iranian Revolution followed the four steps in Crane Brinton s theory,†¦show more content†¦On October 6, 1978, Khomeini was expelled from Iraq and moved to Paris, where he was accessible to a larger body of opposition forces. He was also accessible to the Western Press. Khomeini preached that he would displace the Shah and expel the foreigners. He also said he would enforce religious and traditional values, and redirect Iran s wealth away from large industrialization schemes and toward reforms needed by the common people. Throughout the 1970 s, Khomeini gained tremendous popularity with the masses, and he became the symbol of the opposition towards the Shah. As Khomeini gained popularity, many religious groups grew in numbers and in status. In the early 1950 s, the technocrats had showed core support for Mohammad Mossedeq and Iran s national movement. They saw Mossadeq s overthrow as the removal of the symbolic leader of the Iranian nation by an American directed coup d etat. Many of his followers formed groups in opposition to the Shah. Leaders of the Freedom Front, one of the groups that grew out of the Mossadeq movement, were a group composed of intellectuals who tended to be centrist in philosophy, more religious, anti-Marxist, an d militant (Cottam 13). 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