No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No theme - Essay Example Reliability is another critical quality for a client assistance agent. On the off chance that the clients can't have confidence in what the agent is stating, they won't wish to execute with him. Along these lines, one must not make bogus or misrepresented cases, and should just guarantee what they can convey. A client assistance agent should consistently be gracious and persistent. They should shun getting fomented, regardless of whether the client is setting baseless expectations. They should listen to the client, and give close consideration to their necessities and needs. After their necessities are built up, the client support delegate should react obligingly and disclose to the client in detail, what he has asked about. Also, a client care delegate must have the option to take care of issues in a speedy and proficient way. They should be adaptable and pleasing to the customers’ needs. I have been working in the client support field for a long time at this point, which has blessed me with an outstanding understanding of how to manage clients. This involvement with the field will be an extraordinary bit of leeway for me while connecting with people. I am a persevering individual and will have no apprehensions about investing additional push to guarantee consumer loyalty.

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Essay To completely clarify the main driver of Modern Nationalism, one must investigate what has happened in the French Revolution. In 1789, the French transformation was conceived. There were changes of intensity procurement in the crucial pieces of Europe. On the fourteenth of July 1789, Bastille was under attack and on October the King Louis XVI and Royal Family was deposed from Versailles and wound up to Paris. Lord Louis XVI was the ruler in those days so his destruction can be likened to an all out loss of request and authority. There were a few endeavors to get away from the ouster of King Louis XVI yet sadly it fizzled. With no reasonable control over the immense land, a get together was shaped to have a balanced and composed republic contained Austria, Holland, Prussia and Sardinia. At the point when the republic was framed, King Louis was executed for his oppression which have involved for the growing of the Revolutionary Tribunal. France didn't partake with this belief system in view of the opposition of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte gained control of the Consulate to multiply a uniform law, correspondence, property rights and annihilation of feudalism. Geologically, France is arranged between the two huge bunches of the liberal supporters. Essentially, the French Revolution was the conflict between the dissidents and the radicals. Leftists are those individuals who cling to an only society through the celestial law that is genetic through culture while radicals are the individuals who stick to line of reasoning that change and variety from the old framework must show for a superior society. From the conflicts of the two contradicting philosophies of the French Revolution, another belief system was shaped which is the Modern Nationalism. Patriotism is a belief system which centers around the solidarity of the individuals from the country to have a solitary national character offered premise to ethnicity, birthplace and the social foundation of these countries (Miscevic, 2005). The quintessence of holding fast to the Nationalist Ideology is to set up a state. A state is political substance that is expected to have a high level of sway (Miscevic, 2005). The state has a high sway since it is expected that the force is unified with this element. The entirety of the individuals from the country must stand to the forced terms and conditions made by the state. The state can be polymorphous in way that it tends to be just and furthermore can be authoritarian. The two contradicting realms of Italy and Germany were joined together. In spite of their differentiating convictions, they figured out how to cure the circumstance and push through for the improvement of the country. In 1871, they were joined together however the occasions turned sour when the country required a sole head of the two states. It is expected and anticipated that there will be strife among Italy and Germany in light of their adherence to Liberalism and Nationalism, separately. Guissepe Mazzini was an extreme progressive mastermind that saw the Italy as a state under an umbrella of control by an outside power. He needed to liberate Italy from nationalistic belief system that it has clung to since he was a progressive. With his purposeful publicity crucial, was placed into bars in Italy. His progressive demonstration were incredibly discredited by the patriot see subsequently he didn't quit seeking after his exertion of moving Italy to a liberal state. Patriotism is a decent belief system however it has a few escape clauses like some other philosophies. Some of them are: it is excessively prescient and pompous, why, since it generally expects to join individuals that are totally unique in relation to each other. Social relativism can be an issue for patriotism. Second, the determination of express that will be the focal point of power, this is significant thus nobody could determine what potential characteristics should a decent state have and everything comes down to who has the more prominent methods for creation. In conclusion, it accept that the world has an amicable connection, yet truly, we are driven by struggle. References Cody, D. (2007). French Revolution. The Victorian Website. Hartwick College. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. victorianweb. organization/history/hist7. html Spitzer, A. (2005). Tocqueville’s Modern Nationalism. Oxford Journals. College of Iowa. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://fh. oxfordjournals. organization/cgi/content/conceptual/19/1/48 Chastain, J. (2004). Guissepe Mazzini. Reference book of 1848 Revolutions. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. ohiou. edu/~chastain/list. htm Chew, R. (1995). Napoleon I: Emperor of French. Lucidcafe Website. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. lucidcafe. com/lucidcafe. html Miscevic, N. (2005). Patriotism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://plato. stanford. edu/passages/patriotism/#1. 2

Language (die Sprache)

Language (die Sprache) Language is a funny thing. Its so natural and as kids we pick it up quite readily from those around us. And now, while it is more difficult, you can still learn an entirely new way to think, to communicate, to ponder. Its quite incredible really. Coming from the US, I had it easy overall. Growing up I spoke English from birth, and the few foreign words I learned were more novelties than anything else. But now, here I am, experiencing what its like to live some place else, some place with a new language. Its difficult. Im envious of those who are fluent in both those who simply upon hearing my accent switch seamlessly into English. But also, those people are incredibly interesting in how they interact, particularly in the lab. Unsurprisingly, Germans speak to each other in German. But there are foreigners here too, a decent fraction. And our institute often works with foreign research institutes. Im reading a thesis of a friend; he could have written in English quite easily. It would have been deemed better, more advantageous for being recognized. But the decision to write in German wasnt based on what would be the easiest (German) or what others thought would be best for ones career. Instead, the decision was made from a sort of nostalgia writing in the language of his land, his people, writing in a language that he enjoyed but felt was slowly being squeezed out. Germany is no tiny country in science. German isnt a tiny dialect spoken by only 10 people. But still there is this nostalgia, a feeling that something would be lost if everyone just used 1 language, even just for scientific publications, even when a common language would be more efficient. Which brings up the question: what actually would be lost? Why might it be better to have this linguistic diversity? And to answer that, Ill expand the topic to cultural diversities, and some thoughts I have lingering from the spring. Watching Human Planet (similar to the Blue Planet except the main characters are humans instead of the oceans) my friend brought up a quote related to the series. It went along the lines of: the reason that its important that we recognize and celebrate these different peoples, these different lives, is because it reminds us that we are able to live a different way. That life is not constrained to the way it currently is in our neighborhood, in our culture, in our land. Its important to remember that there are other ways to live. Language is tied to that. Staying aware of linguistic diversity also means keeping in mind the totally different lifestyles which humans can and have held. Language affects the way we live, not by setting hard limitations (as suggested in 1984 but rather in guiding what we tend to think about most often. As an example, you probably dont pay as much attention to the differences between light + dark blue as the typical native Russian speaker, not because their eyes are better, but because they dont recognize the two as the same color. Through language you are trained to classify and give order to the world in different ways, and then your mind learns to subconsciously process its surroundings. (If youre interested, Through the Language Glass is quite good). So what does that mean? Does it mean that some languages naturally tend to help you think more scientifically. Probably not, at least to a significant degree. Sure, not having a counting scheme might make it difficult (the Pirah people being most popularized by the media). But I think overall, the message lies more in the decision to write in German in the first place. By choosing to write in German, a message was most certainly sent. This scientist found the linguistic diversity of the german-speaking world, and indirectly the cultural diversity of the entire world to be of greater value than scientific expediency. An intimate aspect of his thesis became, indirectly, that there is more to science than just utility. There is diversity, there is language, there is culture intricately interwoven. Eric Gentry Sophomore MIT-Germany Program Internship: University of Heidelberg This post was first published on Gedanken in Germany: http://gedankeningermany.blogspot.de/

The Cleverness of Marcus Brutus - 735 Words

Marcus Brutus was the most clever of all, even down to the detail of being a family man. Not many people know what it takes to be a good politic, family man, and friend. Not many people know how to pick out who are the good guys. It does not cross their mind that maybe they are just getting the but of the story. Or maybe they do, but how is Marcus Brutus portrayed to them? How do they see him? This is such a labeled universe. How hard is it to not put a label on someone or something? Yeah Brutus, the guy who rolled with the punches and got played, wasn’t really the one who got played. In fact, he was the one who was doing the playing. As clever and intriguing as this sounds it’s going to be hard to tell how it is so. But, the words might come clearer with the fact that this guy was a genius. Cassius was secretly being a jerk to Brutus. He was being this way to get Brutus to do things. So in the end Cassius was never really trying to befriend Brutus. Brutus was always a friendly kind of guy as long as you were not his enemy. Brutus places trust in the people around him. Brutus would not have put Cassius in his friend category for no reason. Sure, they were â€Å"good friends,† but sometimes the call of duty involves creating a close person in order to betray them in the end. Maybe Brutus knew that Cassius was going to use him. If Cassius didn’t use Brutus then the entire assassination might not have even taken place. And then again it could have been the other way around to

ESL Lesson Plan on Countable and Uncountable Nouns

The following lesson focuses on helping intermediate to upper-intermediate students solidify their knowledge of countable and uncountable nouns and their quantifiers. It also includes a number of overlooked or idiomatic expressions to help higher level students expand their knowledge of various quantifying terms used by mother tongue speakers. Noun Quantifiers Lesson   Aim: Review and solidification of countable and uncountable noun and noun quantifiers Activity: Review discussion followed by multiple choice dialogue fill-in exercise Level: Intermediate to upper-intermediate Outline: Begin review by asking students to identify the worksheet list of objects as countable or uncountable.Activate quantifier vocabulary by asking which quantifiers can be used to modify countable and uncountable nouns. At this point, it is a good idea to write the two categories on the board for students to copy.Discuss some of the more problematic quantifiers such as the difference between a few and few, a little and little. Discuss which quantifiers can be used in the question, positive and negative forms.Have students complete the multiple choice fill in dialogue in pairs or small groups.Correct worksheet as a class.As a follow-up activity asks students to write a description of their room at home listing the various items that can be found in that room. Ask students to not use exact numbers, rather to use quantifiers. Countable and Uncountable - Noun Quantifiers Identify the following objects as countable or uncountable information, rules, sheep, money, learning, rice, bottles of wine, equipment, traffic, stone, stones, talent, web sites, clothes, music, deserts, land, nations, peoples, fish, pollution, understanding, RAM, artworks, orders, food Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue CHRIS: Hi! What are you up to?PETE: Oh, Im just looking for ( A) many ( B) some ( C) any antiques at this sale.CHRIS: Have you found ( A) something ( B) anything ( C) nothing yet?PETE: Well, there seems to be ( A) a few ( B) few ( C) little things of interest. It really is a shame.CHRIS: I cant believe that. Im sure you can find ( A) a thing ( B) something ( C) anything interesting if you look in ( A) all ( B) each ( C) some stall.PETE: Youre probably right. Its just that there are ( A) a few ( B) a lot ( C) a lot of collectors and they ( A) every ( B) each ( C) all seem to be set on finding ( A) a thing ( B) anything ( C) much of value. Its so stressful competing with them!CHRIS: How ( A) many ( B) much ( C) few antique types of furniture do you think there is?PETE: Oh, Id say there must be ( A) many ( B) several ( C) much pieces. However, only ( A) a few ( B) few ( C) little are really worth ( A) the high ( B) a high ( C) high prices they are asking.CHRIS: Why dont you take a break ? Would you like to have ( A) any ( B) some ( C) little coffee?PETE: Sure, Id love to have ( A) any ( B) little ( C) one. I could use ( A) some ( B) a few ( C) a little minutes of downtime.CHRIS: Great, Lets go over there. There are ( A) a few ( B) some ( C) little seats left. Answer Key Identify the following objects as countable or uncountable information UNCOUNTABLE, rules COUNTABLE, sheep COUNTABLE, money UNCOUNTABLE, learning UNCOUNTABLE, rice UNCOUNTABLE, bottles of wine COUNTABLE, equipment UNCOUNTABLE, traffic UNCOUNTABLE, stone UNCOUNTABLE, stones COUNTABLE, talent UNCOUNTABLE,  web sites  COUNTABLE, clothes UNCOUNTABLE, music UNCOUNTABLE, deserts COUNTABLE, land UNCOUNTABLE, nations COUNTABLE, peoples COUNTABLE, fish COUNTABLE, pollution UNCOUNTABLE, understanding UNCOUNTABLE, RAM COUNTABLE,  artworks  COUNTABLE, orders COUNTABLE, food UNCOUNTABLE Choose the correct answers in the following dialogue CHRIS: Hi! What are you up to?PETE: Oh, Im just looking for  some  antiques at this sale.CHRIS: Have you found  anything  yet?PETE: Well, there  seems to be  few  things of interest. It really is a shame.CHRIS: I cant believe that. Im sure you can find  something  interesting if you look in  each  stall.PETE: Youre probably right. Its just that there are  a lot of  collectors and they  all  seem to be set on finding  anything  of value. Its so stressful competing with them!CHRIS: How  much  antique furniture do you think there is?PETE: Oh, Id say there must be  several  pieces. However, only  a few  are really worth  the high  prices they are asking.CHRIS: Why dont you take a break? Would you like to have  some  coffee?PETE: Sure, Id love to have  one. I could use  a few  minutes  of downtime.CHRIS: Great, Lets go over there. There are  a few little  seats left.

Effect of rice and rye straw Free Essays

string(90) " milliliter of trial solutions was transferred into five glass civilization tubings \( c\." Abstraction Purposes: To analyze the suppression of the growing of Microcystis aeruginosa by different-term infusions of rice straw ( 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss ) and rye straw ( 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of rice and rye straw or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods and Consequences: All infusions with high concentration indicated repressive consequence on the growing of M. aeruginosa, and the 0.2-day infusion from rice straw and the 40-day infusion from rye straw indicated the most effectual 1s with EC50 values of 28.0 milligrams C l-1 and 18.9 milligrams C l-1, severally. The extract concentration of rice straw had negative relationship with the maximal growing and growing rate regardless decay continuance, whereas rye straw showed the negative relationship between the extract concentration and the lone maximal growing of M. aeruginosa. Features of infusions through extremist violet optical density should be changed due to debasement of straws. Decisions: Rice and rye straw infusion showed the possibility to command the growing of M. aeruginosa, and nevertheless, might be considered as an facet of another unexpected potency pollutant. Significance and Impact of the Survey: To place most effectual agent against algal growing, extracts from long-run debasement of straws could give more opportunity and possibility to happen allelochemicals. Keywords: long-run infusion, allelopathy, suppression, rice straw, rye straw, SUVA, Microcystis aeruginosa Introduction Tellurian workss have been known to incorporate assorted allelochemicals with anti-algal belongingss ( Rice, 1984 ) . For illustration, barley straw studied comparatively more than other straws like rice and rye has been reported to demo an suppression consequence of algal growing ( Pillinger et al. , 1992 ; Newman and Barrett, 1993 ; Barrett, 1994 ; Everall and Lees, 1996 ; Barrett et al. , 1996 ; Everall and Lees, 1997 ; Cooper et al. , 1997 ) due to assorted compounds extracted from barley straw under many different conditions, for case, oxidized phenolic compounds from lignin beginnings ( Pillinger, 1993 ; Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , p-coumaric and ferulic from cell wall-bound constituents ( Chesson et al. , 1982 ) , and tannic acid ( Hussein, 1982 ) . Rice straw has besides been known to let go of allelochemicals with phenolic compound to restrict the sprouting, growing, photosynthesis, respiration and metamorphosis of other workss ( Rice 1984 ; Inderjit et Al. 1995 ; Chung et Al. 2001 ) . Park et Al ( 2006 ) showed interactive and repressive consequence of assorted phenolic compounds extracted from rice straw on the growing of Microcystis aeruginosa. These straw-derived compounds may dwell of legion complex chemicals with assorted features in an aqueous status. As straws would be applied into aquatic ecosystems to command detrimentally algal growing, straw-derived chemicals would be excreted continuously, accumulated or changed into H2O column and features of chemicals would be changed harmonizing to the debasement clip which might be linked with the lability of chemicals. However, there was small information on this relationship between allelochemical production and debasement clip about rice and rye straws. Therefore, our purposes were to analyze whether released chemical from rice and rye straws harmonizing to decomposition clip has different suppression consequence on the growing of cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, known as nuisance algae around the universe, and to foretell the alteration of features of extracted stuffs during decomposition clip. Materials and methods Collection of works stuffs Rye straw ( Secale cereale L. ) was collected in Keumsan, South Korea. Rice straw ( Oryza sativa L. ) which was non applied with pesticides to analyze insect pathology was obtained from Kangwon Province Agricultural Research and Extension Service, South Korea. All stuffs were instantly moved to research lab, rinsed several times with tap H2O, dried at 50? for 3 yearss and stored in a dark status at room temperature. Stored workss were cut, mortared, and sieved through 1-mm mesh before experiment. Preparation of short or long-run decomposed infusions Nine gms of each works stuff ( dry weight ) were placed in a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, incorporating 1.8 L of Moss medium. The composing of Moss medium was ( in milligram ) 16.8 Ca2+ , 5.0 – 10-4 Co2- , 3.0 EDTA, 2.0 – 10-2 Fe3+ , 2.2 K+ , 2.4 Mg2+ , 2.0 – 10-2 Mn2+ , 4.0 – 10-3 Mo6+ , 13.6 Na+ , 6.4 NH4+ , 21.0 NO3- , 0.9 P5+ , 3.3 S6+ , 4.9 Si4+ , 5.0 – 10-3 Zn2+ , 3.3 – 10-8 Cyanocobalamin ( B12 ) , 3.3 – 10-7 d-Biotin, 3.3 – 10-8 Thiamin-HCl ( B1 ) in 1 L of distilled H2O. To break up straws for a long clip, an aerator provided aerophilic status into the 2 L Erlenmeyer flask because maintaining aerophilic status was of import for the production of phytotoxic chemicals. For illustration, Welch et Al. ( 1990 ) indicated that microbic decomposition of barley straw was critical for the suppression of algal growing, and Newman and Barrett ( 1994 ) suggested that the chief demands for straw to be active are the care of aerophilic cond itions and an active and diverse microflora. Humidifier prior to the aerator was installed to forestall the loss of infusions and civilization medium from the vaporization by blow uping dry air. The infusions from rice straw were sampled after 0.2, 10, 50 and 100 yearss from puting straws in the civilization medium and those of rye straw were obtained after 0.2, 5, 15, 40, 50, 100 and 150 yearss from presenting straws. Each subsampling, 200 milliliter of infusions were filtered through a glass fibre filter paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) , and so filtrate was lyophilized and stored in a icebox until Microcystis aeruginosa growing trial. Culture medium including infusions was made by fade outing 20 milligram of lyophilised stuff in 100 milliliter of sterilized Moss medium and filtered through a glass fibre filter paper ( Whatman, GF/F ) . Then, to quantitatively look into the suppression of M. aeruginosa growing by infusions, civilization medium including infusions was diluted with sterilized Moss medium to a scope of concentration of infusions ( test solution ) . Tested concentrations of infusions each decomposition period of straws were in Table 1. The concentrations of dissolved o rganic C ( DOC ) in infusions were determined utilizing the TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) . Each 10 milliliter of civilization medium was stored at 4? to mensurate UV 260nm optical density. Culture status and growing finding of M. aeruginosa Each 4 milliliter of trial solutions was transferred into five glass civilization tubings ( c. You read "Effect of rice and rye straw" in category "Essay examples"a. 11 milliliter, USA Scientific Culture Tube ) with a cap and so, autoclaved. After 1-day chilling, each 0.3 milliliter of M. aeruginosa ( obtained from Institute of Hydrobiology, China ) was inoculated into four tubings and cultured. Remained one civilization tubing was used to mensurate clean value of fluorescence or optical density to observe algal growing each infusion. M. aeruginosa in exponential or stationary growing phase was inoculated for the experiments. Culture tubings were incubated in 25 ±1? and illuminated by fluorescent visible radiations to give about 80? E m-2 s-1 for 24 h every twenty-four hours. Tubes were agitated with a whirl sociable twice a twenty-four hours. The places of experimental tubings in an brooder were randomized at least four times a hebdomad. In vivo fluorescence of M. aeruginosa was m easured with 1 or 2 yearss interval utilizing a spectrofluorophotometer ( RF-1501, Shimadzu ) at 343 nanometer of an excitement wavelength and 680 nanometer of an emanation wavelength. Absorbance ( 680 nm ) of algal cells to mensurate algal growing was determined with 1 or 2 yearss interval utilizing a spectrophotometer ( 101, Hitachi ) alternatively of fluorescence after 50-day infusion of rice straw and 100-day infusion of rye straw. Determination of M. aeruginosa growing and statistics techniques To cipher maximal growing ( K ) and growing rate ( u ) of M. aeruginosa, a logistic map was used to show a sigmoid curve for algal growing ( SigmaPlot 9.0, Jandel Scientific ) as follows: EC50 values ( concentration, when 50 % suppression consequence occurs ) were obtained from maximal growing values of each trial compared with control on log-probit graduated tables. A consecutive line linking the two closest values above and below the line matching to 50 % suppression was obtained ( Yamane et al. , 1984 ) . In instance of 50 and 100 yearss in rice straw and 0.2 twenty-four hours in rye straw, EC50 values were calculated by the extrapolation of two closest informations of less than 50 % suppression. To cipher â€Å" no-inhibition upper limit tested concentration † , referred as a maximal concentration shown no-inhibition out of tried concentrations, repeated measured analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) with station hoc of Dunnett trial was used ( p gt ; 0.05 ) to compare the distribution of optical density or fluorescence for observing M. aeruginosa growing between control without infusion and trial solutions. One-way ANOVA ( station hoc Duncan trial ) was utili zed ( p A ; lt ; 0.05 ) to compare normalized maximal growing or normalized growing rate among three groups of dissolved organic concentration ( DOC ) of infusions, and normalized maximal growing or normalized growing rate are calculated by divided maximal growing or growing rate in trial solution by in control, severally. Ratio of UV260 and DOC in infusions In order to foretell the alteration of features of infusions during decaying, the ratio of UV optical density at 260 nanometers and DOC concentration ( SUVA ; specific extremist violet optical density ) was measured. The UV optical density and DOC were measured by a spectrophotometer ( UV-2401PC, Shimadzu ) and TOC analyser ( TOC-5000A, Shimadzu ) , severally. Consequences Consequence of infusions of rice and rye straws on M. aeruginosa growing harmonizing to decomposition continuance Effectss of infusions from rice and rye straws harmonizing to decay periods on M. aeruginosa growing were in Table 1. In rice straw, 0.2-day decay infusions showed the highest suppression consequence of the growing of M. aeruginosa among four different decomposition periods and the EC50 value was 28.0 mg C l-1. The infusion of 10-day decay was followed with EC50 value of 30.7 milligrams C l-1. In 50-day and 100-day of decomposition, repressive effects were much less than those in 0.2- and 10-day infusions, and stimulus effects were shown in the scope of less than 23 mg C l-1. Although each period has different concentration of infusions, when no-inhibition maximal concentration was considered in all decomposition periods, 0.2-day and 10-day decay with A ; lt ; 9 and A ; lt ; 2 milligram C l-1, severally, could bespeak higher inhibitory possible to command the growing of M. aeruginosa than 50-day and 100-day decay with 23 and 17 milligrams C l-1, severally. Likewise, growing per cen tum against control at maximal concentration each decay period showed similar form in malice of otherwise maximal concentrations. Overall, repressive ability was mostly increased in scope of more than approximately 30 milligrams C l-1 in all decay periods ( Figure 1 ) . In rye straw, suppression capableness from 0.2-day decay to 40-day decay increased harmonizing to decay clip through decreasing of EC50 values ( Table 1 ) . Although suppression ability was diminished from 50-day decay infusion, suppression of M. aeruginosa growing increased until 150-day decay. Infusions of 40- and 150-day decay of rye straw had the highest repression capableness with 18.9 and 19.7 milligrams C l-1 of EC50 value, severally. Stimulus or repressive effects on the growing of M. aeruginosa coexisted in similar concentration of infusions from different decomposition clip ( Figure 1 ) . This phenomenon might give equivocal information to construe the repressive consequence by infusions from assorted decay phases. However, it was clear to demo positive relationships between extract concentration and repressive consequence, and perchance to bespeak that different substances from straws might be produced harmonizing to decay periods. Consequence of extract concentrations on the maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa Percentage of maximal growing ( K ) and growing rate ( u ) of M. aeruginosa in each trial solution normalized by K and u in control was shown in Fig. 2, and three groups were differentiated by merely DOC concentration of infusions irrespective of decay periods ; low ( 2-10 milligram C l-1 ) , medium ( 11-30 milligram C l-1 ) , and high ( gt ; 30 milligram C l-1 ) DOC. In rice straw, means (  ± SE ) of normalized K and U of M. aeruginosa were 102.5 (  ± 4.9 ) and 96.9 (  ± 2.9 ) in low DOC and 95.0 (  ± 11.1 ) and 102.1 (  ± 5.1 ) in medium DOC, severally, and there was no important difference in K ( p=0.655 ) and u ( p=0.710 ) between low and medium DOC ( one-way ANOVA, n=13 ) . However, agencies (  ± SE ) of normalized K and U in high DOC were 20.4 (  ± 18.5 ) and 43.4 (  ± 21.9 ) , severally, and infusions in high DOC might incorporate strong suppression ability against both maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa. In rye straw, there was important difference in K among three degrees ( one-way ANOVA, F2,25=22.386, P A ; lt ; 0.001, station hoc Duncan, n=26, P A ; lt ; 0.005 ) , but no important difference in U among three degrees ( one-way ANOVA, F2,25=0.664, p=0.524 ) . This rye infusion showed repressive consequence on maximal growing but non on growing rate. Means (  ± SE ) of normalized K and u were 106.3 (  ± 6.8 ) and 101.4 (  ± 5.5 ) in low DOC, 67.3 (  ± 8.8 ) and 111.5 (  ± 7.9 ) in medium DOC, and 33.9 (  ± 8.5 ) and 89.9 (  ± 20.6 ) in high DOC, severally. Change of features of infusions harmonizing to decomposition clip SUVA values versus decay periods each infusion were shown in Fig. 3. Those SUVA values were increased harmonizing to decay periods in both straws. It might propose that features of infusion were altering during decomposition of straws, and both infusion could hold different stuffs. Slopes between decay clip and SUVA in rice and rye straw were 0.017 ( R2=0.63, P gt ; 0.05 ) and 0.019 ( R2=0.93, P A ; lt ; 0.01 ) , severally. Discussion This probe of time-course decomposition in rice and rye straws demonstrated that suppression capacity of infusions on the growing of M. aeruginosa increased with high concentration, whereas low concentration showed no-effect or stimulation for its growing in all decay periods. In rye straw, all infusions after 5-day decay showed higher suppression ( lower EC50 values ) than 0.2-day decay ( Table 1, Fig. 1 ) . Particularly, infusion of 150-day decay along with 40-day had maximal suppressive consequence, and this consequence was similar to the survey of Gibson et Al. ( 1990 ) utilizing barley straw, which indicated that the repressive consequence was produced increasingly during the decomposition of the barley straw and reached a maximal after six months. However, the survey utilizing rice straw showed different forms, where the leachates of short-run decay were more effectual than that of long-run decay although limited factors for comparative experiment between rye and rice straw wer e existed such as deficit of decay continuance and narrow concentration scope of rice straw. The growing of M. aeruginosa in a bioassay experiment would be inhibited due to the chelation of food by the leachates or straw-secreted antialgal bioactive compounds. The former ground might be ruled out, because there were ample foods and hint elements for the growing of M. aeruginosa in the civilization medium and the stimulation of algal growing in lower concentrations of leachates could non be explained by chelation mechanism. Similarly, one of indispensable growing factors, such as vitamin B12, would be more likely to be produced by straw microflora so removed from solution ( Welch et al. , 1990 ) . For the latter ground, several surveies demonstrated that algal growing inhibited by straw-secreted antialgal substances was associated with the straw decomposition ( Gibson et al. , 1990 ; Pillinger et al. , 1994 ; Ridge and Pillinger, 1996 ) . Ridge and Barrett ( 1992 ) showed that the st raw was active even at low concentrations against a scope of algae in natural Waterss including unicellular and filiform green algae and blue-green algae. The difference of lignin content between rye and rice straws could be contributed into different forms of algal suppression when considered that lignin content of rye straw was much more treble than that of rice straw ( lignin content: 21 % in rye straw from Kocheva et al. , 2008 and 7 % in rice straw from Sun et al. , 2000 ) , although we did n’t analyse lignin contents of our tried straws. Pillinger et Al. ( 1995 ) showed that lignin-enriched brown-rotted wood is repressive to both Chlorella and Microcystis to a greater extent than lignin-depleted white-rotted wood. As decomposition status in this survey, oxidization of straw may ease lignin solubilization and/or enhance toxicity of the solubilized materal ( Pillinger et al. , 1994 ) . Besides, lignin appears to be the most promising beginning of compounds like the methox yphenols ( Ridge et al. , 1995 ) . Methoxyphenols every bit good as quinones, used theoretical accounts for oxidised phenolic compounds, have shown antialgal activity against Microcystis ( Pillinger et al. , 1994 ) . Other phytotoxic compounds such as ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were found both in cold-water infusions of the straw of barley, rye, wheat, and in alcoholic infusions of their roots ( Borner, 1960 ) , and in rice straw ( Rice 1984 ; Inderjit et Al. 1995 ; Chung et Al. 2001 ) . The ground demoing otherwise repressive activity during straw debasement would probably be due to the continuum of production, the accretion of stubborn fraction and the chemical transmutation from assorted allelochemicals. As an application of an algae-growth inhibitor, adopted straws would undergo aging, decease, and decomposition in aquatic ecosystem. Under these conditions, plant-induced allelochemicals may be excreted or degraded continuously, be piled up into H2O columns, and besides contribute to the pool of organic affair in the aquatic ecosystem. These plant-derived allelochemicals contribute the formation of humic substances. SUVA can give information about the extent of aromacity of DOM related with humification. Increase of inclines between SUVA and decay periods in tried straws might ensue from the formation of stuffs such as humic substances harmonizing to decay periods and the gradual increasing of fractious fraction instead than labile one ( Fig. 2 ) . Chemical constr uction of straw infusions can be changed during biological and chemical decomposition, i.e. , labile fractions might be much more easy degraded than stubborn 1s ( Fig. 2 ) . For illustration, SUVA, an index of aromatic C content, has been shown to be negatively correlated with biodegradable DOC ( Kalbitz et al. , 2003 ) . However, qualitative designation and each specific consequence on the algal growing from decayed infusions remain to be studied. Although specific chemicals may be needed to be identified for the ecologically and environmentally safe options of Restoration, interactive consequence by combination of several chemicals might be considered ( Park et al. , 2006 ) . Short-run extraction from straws might lose out the opportunity to happen much better option, since this survey showed that infusions were chemically changed due to debasement and changed infusions showed different ability to suppress both maximal growing and growing rate of M. aeruginosa. Conversely, the sig nificantly algicidal chemical might be missed from infusions of low concentration demoing stimulus consequence on M. aeruginosa growing in this survey. Particularly, notable would be the observation to demo the different form about the suppression of maximal growing and growing rate between rice and rye straw infusions ( Fig. 2 ) , and nevertheless, these physiological features might be remained to be elucidated. Although all tested workss showed the suppression of algal growing in this survey, before works leachates incorporating allelochemicals are applied to command algal growing, the addition of the organic affair by leachates in the lakes or reservoirs demands to be considered. The importance of the control of organic affair is beyond difference in the H2O quality direction and research lab consequences should be extrapolated to the field with cautiousness. Decision All extracts with high concentration expressed by DOC showed repressive consequence on the growing of M. aeruginosa, and the 40-day infusion from rye straw indicated most effectual 1 with the lowest EC50 value of 18.9 mgC l-1. It was found that the extract concentration of rice straw had negative relationship with the maximal growing and growing rate, whereas rye straw showed negative relationship between the extract concentration and the lone maximal growing of M. aeruginosa. Through UV optical density, features of infusions should be changed due to debasement of straws, and this alteration might be linked with their repressive ability on the growing of M. aeruginosa. However, increasing DOC as unexpected pollutants every bit good as extrapolation of research lab plants into field status should be considered anterior to using infusions from straws as an option for Restoration technique. Mentions Barrett, P.R.F. , 1994. Field and laboratory experiments on the effects of barley straw on algae. 1994 BCPC monograph No.59: comparison greenhouse A ; field pesticide public presentation II pp.191-200. Barrett, P.R.F. , Curnow, J.C. , Littlejohn, J.W. , 1996. The control of diatom and cyanophyte blooms in reservoirs utilizing barley straw. Hydrobiologia 340, 307-311. Borner, H. , 1960. Liberation of organic substances from higher workss and their function in the dirt illness job. Bot. Rev. 26, 393-424. Chesson, A. , Stewart, C.S. , Wallace, R.J. , 1982. Influence of works phenolic acids on growing and cellulolytic activity of first stomachs bacteriums. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 597-603. Chung, I.M. , Ahn, J.K. and Yun, S.J. ( 2001 ) Appraisal of allelopathic potency of barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) on rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) cultivars. Crop Prot 20, 921-928. Cooper, J.A, Pillinger, J.M. , Ridge, I. , 1997. Barley straw inhibits growing of some aquatic saprolegniaceous Fungis. Aquaculture 156, 157-163. Everall, N.C. , Lees, D.R. , 1996. The usage of barley-straw to command general and bluish green algal growing in a Derbyshire reservoir. Wat. Res. 30, 269-276. Everall, N.C. , Lees, D.R. , 1997. The designation and significance of chemicals released from break uping barley straw during reservoir algal control. Wat. Res. 31, 614-620. Gibson, M.T. , Welch, I.M. , Barrett, P.R.F. , Ridge, I. , 1990. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing II: research lab surveies. Journal of Applied Phycology 2, 241-248. Hussein, A.S.M. , 1982. Algicidal belongingss of Acacia nilotica. Fitoterapia 53, 175-177. Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and F.A. Einhellig ( explosive detection systems ) , 1995. Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications. ACS Symposium Series 582. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. Kalbitz K, Schmerwitz J, Schwesig D, Matzner E ( 2003a ) . Biodegradation of soil-derived dissolved organic affair as related to its belongingss. Geoderma 113:273-291 L.S. Kocheva, A.P. Karmanov, M.V. Mironov, V.A. Belyi, V.Yu. Belyaev, Yu.B. Monakov, 2008. Straw Lignins: Hydrodynamic and Conformational Properties of the Macromolecules. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 81 ( 11 ) : 2033-2039. Newman, J.R. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1993. Control of Microcystis aeruginosa by break uping barley straw. J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 31, 203-206. Park, M.H. , Han, M.S. , Ahn, C.Y. , Kim H.S. , Yoon, B.D. and Oh, H.M. 2006. Growth suppression of bloom – forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa by rice straw infusion, Letters in Applied Microbiology 43: 307-312. Pillinger, J.M. , Gilmour, I. , Ridge, I. , 1995. Comparison of anti-algal activity of brown-rotted and white-rotted wood and in situ analysis of lignin. J. Chem. Ecol. 24, 1113-1120. Pillinger, J.M, Cooper, J.A. , Ridge, I. , 1994. Role of phenolic compounds in the antialgal activity of barley straw. J. Chem. Ecol. 20, 1557-1569. Pillinger, J.M. , 1993. Algal control by barley straw. Ph D Thesis, Department of Biology, The Open University, Milton Heynes. U.K. cited in ‘The control of diatom and cyanophyte blooms in reservoirs utilizing barley straw. Barrett, P.R.F. , Curnow, J.C. , Littlejohn, J.W. , 1996. Hydrobiologia 340, 307-311. ‘ Pillinger, J.M. , Cooper, J.A. , Ridge, I. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1992. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing III: the function of fungous decomposition. Journal of Applied Phycology 4, 353-355. Rice, E.L. , 1984. Allelopathy. Academic Press, London. p. 422. Ridge, I. , Pillinger, J.M. , 1996. Towards understanding the nature of algal inhibitors from barley straw. Hydrobiologia 340, 301-305. Ridge, I. , Barrett, P.R.F. , 1992. Algal control with barley straw. Aspects of Applied Biology 29, 457-462. Ridge, I. , J. Pillinger, and J. Walters, 1995. Relieving the jobs of inordinate algal growing. In The Ecological Basis for River Management. Wiley, Chichester. cited in ‘The designation and significance of chemicals released from break uping barley straw during reservoir algal control. Everall, N.C. and D.R. Lees, 1997. Wat. Res. 31 ( 3 ) :614-620. ‘ Sun, R. , J. Tomkinson, F.C. Mao and X.F. Sun, 2000. Physicochemical word picture of lignins from rice straw by H peroxide intervention. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 79 ( 4 ) : 710-732. Thurman, E.M. , 1985. Organic geochemistry of natural Waterss. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. p. 51. Welch, I.M. , P.R.F. Barrett, M.T. Gibson and I. Ridge, 1990. Barley straw as an inhibitor of algal growing I: surveies in the Chesterfield Canal. Journal of Applied Phycology 2: 231-239. Yamane, A.N. , M. Okada and R. Sudo, 1984. The growing suppression of planktonic algae due to wetting agents used in rinsing agents. Wat. Res. 18 ( 9 ) :1101-1105. How to cite Effect of rice and rye straw, Essay examples

Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography

Question: Discuss about the Medicine and Health Medical Radiation Science Radiography. Answer: Introduction: As a second year student of radiography, I got placement in a radiography hospital. The hospital provides the service of general x ray. The building has two main entrances and an emergency entrance. As a new radiographer, I had to work under my mentor or senior supervisor. She guided me to handle difficult situation and taught me new techniques of radiography. My ward was at the second floor opposite to the lift. I was very excited and nervous to get the chance of working in that department and hospital. As a radiographer, I had the permission to use three computers for PACS, exposure and RIS. As I was new, the environment was very challenging for me and also very interesting. I did not know the rule and regulation of the department and hospital. As a result, I had to depend on my superiors. However, she made me understand the rules and regulations and also advised to carry a notebook to note down important points. She told me that I have to handle various kinds of patient and I shou ld be careful in my working. Professional and ethical conduct During working in that hospital, I had to work under my supervisor radiographer, caring for a seven year old vulnerable girl child. The child came with the fracture on the left leg. I started to pull down blind to check the problem with the consent of family members. The girl became angry and started to shout. I felt that I should ask her family member to pull down. However, the PACS image, I took was clear with the supervision of my superior as did not take such image earlier. I learnt about the ethical a professional conducts of radiography. My seniors suggest me to read books of ethical consideration of radiography. I came to know that in case of patient handling like vulnerable people; I should maintain the eye contact and behave more politely. I hope that in future, I will not be nervous and behave more professionally to handle such situation. Communication and collaboration I got a female aboriginal patient of 58 years with hypertension and chronic breathing problem. I decided to perform PA chest test and heart X-ray to check the position of heart. As she was aboriginal and I have English accent, there was a communication gap. I could not understand her words and she was also facing problems to communicate. I became nervous and asked the advice of the supervisor. She suggested me to hire an interpreter or use non verbal way of communication. I got my confidence back and chose to use non verbal way to communicate. Later, I noticed my seniors; how they handle such situation and noted down in my notebook. I learnt about different kinds of communication skills and will try to implement them in future work. I acted professionally with the patient with the help of my mentor. I started to use simple words instead of using jargons like to touch the board with their shoulder side and moving both foot pointing the toes towards me. I noted the simple phrases and k ept practicing to improve myself. Evidence based practice and professional learning I examined and reviewed fracture on right leg of a 60 years old man. As he was very aged so I acted very politely and checked him very carefully. I asked my superior to guide me but she has urgent patients so she just demonstrated me the procedure of taking PACS image. I was nervous as I did not know the procedure. The image was optimal. However, I asked patient to show me the pain area to understand the type of pain. I asked my supervisor to show me some PACS images but as she was in hurry, she could not. She suggested me to show those images later. I got the chance to check the PACS images and report soon clear my idea. However, I was quite happy as I learnt to take PACS images and handled an old aged patient very carefully without any complication. Radiation safety and risk management A 16 years old boy came with left ankle fracture to me and I checked up the legs very carefully before applying radiation. I applied the techniques of angling toes medially so that fifth toes can be perpendicular to middle of calcaneus. However, the image I got, was not very clear, it was optimal. To get a clear image, I had to apply more radiation to the patient that was unprofessional. I asked my supervisor about the precautions of lead effects and other factors of radiation. She advised me about the techniques of radiography and asked me to note all the important points.I tried to get attachment with other radiographers and note down the new techniques to develop my own techniques. My supervisor advised me to examine the patient very carefully at first before applying the harmful radiography. It may harm the young patient. Practice in Medical radiation science A 3 month lactating mother of 29 years old came with vertebral pain. The clinical report showed that she has doubt of spondylitis. For the first time, I got a patient with lactation so I decided to consult the supervisor. However, I knew about lead protection and appropriate collimation though I had doubt about the performance of the radiographer and justified risk vs. benefits with the application of ALARA principle. I carefully used lead gown and portable lead strand for extra protection. By fault I repeated the process which was wrong. The image quality was optimal. I decided to prepare checklist note in future about the beneficence vs. risk factors with the protocol, proper collimation, portable lead stand, lead gown, exposure screen check and examination properly. I learnt the technique and will be careful in future and noted the important points in my notebook. The positive side of the experience was that my communication skills developed. I explained the patient about the x-ra y procedure of figure rather than unnecessary extra doses.